118 



POACEAE 



10. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 38. 1897. 



[Setaria Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812. not Ach. 1798. nor Michx. 1803.] 



Spikelets subtended by 1 to several bristles (sterile branchlets), falling free from the 

 bristles, avvnless ; first glume broad, usually less than half the length of the spikelet. 

 3-5-nerved ; second glume and sterile lemma equal or the former shorter, several-nerved ; 

 fertile lemma coriaceous-indurate. smooth or rugose. Annuals or perennials with narrow 

 terminal panicles, these dense and spikelike or somewhat loose and open. [Greek, bristle- 

 grass.] 



Species about 65, in the tropical and warm temperate regions of both hemispheres. Type species, 

 Panic urn liride. 



Plants annual. 



Bristles backwardly barbed. 

 Bristles forwardly barbed. 



Bristles below each spikelet 5 or more. 

 Bristles below each spikelet 1-3. 

 Plants perennial by short rhizomes or knotty crown. 



1. C. verticillata. 



2. C. liitescens. 



3. C. viyidis. 



4. C. gcniciilata. 



1. Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn. 

 Bristly Foxtail. Fig. 246. 



Panicum verticillatum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 82. 1762. 

 Setaria verticillata Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812. 

 Chaetochloa verticillata Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 

 Bull 4: 29. 1897. 



Annual ; culms 30-60 cm. tall ; blades scabrous ; 

 panicle green, 5-10 cm. long, usually interrupted at 

 base and somewhat lobed, tapering above ; bristles 

 downwardly barbed, 3-6 mm. long ; spikelets 2-2.5 mm. 

 long, the first glume one-third as long as the second, the 

 latter equaling the sterile lemma; fertile lemma obscure- 

 ly transverse-rugose. 



A weed, southern California (Upland, Johnston) \ common in 

 eastern United .States. Ir.troduced from Europe. Type locality, 

 European. 



2. Chaetochloa lutescens (Weigel) Stiintz. 

 Yellow Foxtail. Fig. 247. 



Panicnm lutescens Weigel, Obs. Bot. 20. 1772. 

 ■Chaetochloa lutescens Stuntz, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. 



Inv. Seeds 31: 36, 86. 1914. 

 Panicum glaucum of authors not L. 1753; Chaetochloa glauca 



of American authors. 



Annual ; culms branching at the base, compressed, 



erect or ascending, 30-60 cm. tall ; blades flat, with 



a spiral twist; panicle dense, oblong, 2-8 cm. long; 



bristles 5 or more, 4-8 mm. long, tawny-yellow ; 



spikelets 3 mm. long; fruit undulate-rugose. 



A weed in fields and waste jilaces. Infrequent in Cali- 

 fornia and Oregon; common in the Eastern States. Intro- 

 duced from Europe, the type locality. Aug.-Oct. 



3. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. 



Green Foxtail. 



Fig. 248. 



Panicum viride L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. 

 Setaria viridis Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51, 178. pi. 13. f. 3. 1812. 

 Chaetochloa viridis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 

 4: 39. 1897. 



Annual ; culms 30-60 cm. tall ; blades fiat, not 

 twisted: panicle oblong-ovate, 2-5 cm. long; bristles 

 1-3, slender, 6-12 mm. long, green or purple ; spikelets 

 2 mm. long; fruit faintly wrinkled. 



A weed in fields and waste places. Rare within our range, 

 California (Rialto, Parish; Los Angeles, Davidson), Washington; 

 common in the Eastern States. Introduced from Europe, the 

 ty])e locality. June-Aug. 



The closely allied Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. (Setaria 

 italica Roem. & .Schult., 5. calif ornica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. 1: ed. 2, 26. 1873) is cultivated under the name of millet 

 in the Central States and is occasionally found as a stray or 

 escape along railroads ("Sacramento River," Kellogg). The 

 spike is larger, usually lobed, the bristles purple or yellow. 



