GRASS FAMILY 



197 



64. FLU MINE A Fries, Summ. \'ey;-. Scand. 247. 1846. 

 [ScoLOCHLO.^ Link, Hort. Berol. 1 : 136. 1827, not Mert. & Koch, 1823.] 

 Spikelfts 3-4-flo\vered, the rachilla disarticulating ahove the glumes and between the 

 florets : glumes somewhat unequal, somewhat scarious and lacerate at summit, the first 3- 

 nerved". The second 5-nerved, about as long as the tirst lemma; lemmas hrm, rounded on 

 the back, villous on the callus, 7-nerved, the nerves rather faint and unequal, extending 

 into the ?carious lacerate apex; palea narrow, flat, about as long as the lemma. Tall 

 perennials with succulent rhizomes, flat blades, and spreading panicles. [Latin, belonging 



to rivers.] 



Species 2. one in Saghalin, the otlier in northern Eurasia and northern \orth America, extendinsr south 

 to Iowa. Type species, Festiica boiealis Mert. & Koch. 



1. Fluminea festucacea ( Willd.) Hitchc. 

 Fkiminea. Fig. 452. 



Ariindo fcstiu\nca Willd. Enum. PI. 1: 126. 1809. 

 Festuca borcalis Mert. & Koch, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 664. 1823. 

 Scolochloa fcstiuacea Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 137. 1827. 

 t'htmiiiea ariiiidiiiacea Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. 1: 247. 



1846. 

 Craphethorum fcstucaccum A. Gray, Ann. Bot. Soc. Can. 



1: 57. 1861. 

 Fluminea festucacea Hitchc. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772: 



38. 1920. 



Culms erect, smooth, 1-1.5 meters tall; blades 

 smooth, witli scabrous margins, 15-30 cm. long, 

 4-8 mm. wide; panicle 15-30 cm. long, open, the 

 branches ascending, several at the lower nodes, 

 scabrous, naked below, the longer 7-10 cm. long; 

 spikelets 6-8 mm. long ; glumes acute ; lemmas 

 scabrous, 7-nerved. 



Wet places, Manitoba to British Columbia, south to 

 Iowa, and extending into eastern Oregon; also in northern 

 Europe. .Tuly. Type locality, European. 



65. POA L. Sp. PI. 67. 1753. 



Spikelets 2 to several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and he 

 tween the florets, the uppermost floret reduced or rudimentary; glumes acute, keeled, some 

 what unequal, the first 1-nerved, the second usually 2-nerved ; lemmas somewhat keeled, 

 obtuse or acutish, awnless, membranaceous, often somewhat scarious at the tip, S-nerved. 

 the nerves sometimes pilose. Annual or usually perennial species of low or rather tail 

 grasses with spikelets in open or contracted panicles, the blades, at least when flat, ending 

 in a navicular point. [Greek, grass, a fodder.] 



Species probably over 200 in the temperate and cool regions of the world. Type species, Poa pra- 

 teiisis L. 



Plants annual. 



Lemmas villous on the nerves below. 



Panicle pyramidal, open; sheaths smooth. 

 Panicle narrow, contracted; sheaths scabrous. 

 Lemm.as not villous on the keel and nerves. 



Sheaths usually rough; lemmas pubescent on the back. 

 Sheaths smooth; lemmas smooth. 

 Plants perennial. 



Creeping rhizomes present. 



Culms conspicuously flattened. 

 Culms terete or slightly flattened. 



Glumes about 8 mm. long; spikelet 1-1.5 cm. long. 

 Glumes and spikelets smaller. 



Blades involute; tirst two species plants of seacoast dunes 



Lemmas pilose on the keel; panicle a dense ovoid head; plants dioecious^ 



Lemmas not pilose; panicle small but rather open. 

 Glumes about 3 mm. long; web sparse. 

 Glumes about 5 mm. long; web copious. 

 Blades flat or folded; plants of the interior. 

 Lemmas without cobwebby liairs at base. 



Panicle almost spikelike; glumes 2 mm. long. 

 Panicle open; glumes 4 mm. long. 

 Lemmas with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at base. 

 Lemmas not pilose on the keel oi; nerves. 

 Lemmas pilose on keel and marginal nerves. 

 Lemmas 3 mm. long. 

 Lemmas 5 mm. long. 

 Creeping rhizomes wanting. , , • 



Lemmas villous on the nerves or provided with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at base 

 Lemmas with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at base. 



Keel of lemma slightly villous, the lateral nerves glabrous. 



