SEDGE FAMILY 



275 



15. Scirpus pacificus Britton. 

 Pacific Coast Bulrush. Fig. 660. 



Scirpus pacificus Britton; Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 8. 1903. 

 Scirpus robustus compactus Davy; Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 87. 1901. 



Perennial by rootstocks, culm stout, rDughish above, 

 trigonous, 3-6 dm. tall. Leaves 10 nun. wide or less, the 

 longer often equaling the culin, those of the involucre 2-5, at 

 least one of them usually longer than the inflorescence ; rays 

 of the umbel 1-3, stout. 7 cm. long or less, or wanting and the 

 spikelets densely clustered ; spikelets ovoid, obtuse, 1-2 cm. 

 long, about 6 mm. thick; scales brown, ovate, puberulent, tipped 

 with a recurved awn 2-4 mm. long, bristles shorter than the 

 achene ; stamens 3 ; achene orbicular-obovate, cuneate at the 

 base, smooth, somewhat shining, about 3 mm. long. 



Saline marshes, along the coast, Sonoran and Transition Zones; 

 southern California to Washington. Recorded by Jepson and by Abrams 

 as S. robustus Pursh, of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, which it much 

 resembles. Type locality : Long Beach, California. 



z 



5 





16. Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson. 



Prairie Bulrush. 



Fig. 661. 



Scirpus campcstris Britton, in Britton S: Brown, 111. Fl. ed. 



1, 1: 267. 1896, not Roth. 

 Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 5. 1899. 

 Scirpus, brittoniaiius Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 157. 



1906. 

 S. robustus paludosus Fernald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900. 



Perennial by slender rootstocks, culm slender, 

 smooth, sharply triangular, 3-7 dm. tall. Leaves 

 usually pale green, smooth, shorter than or over- 

 topping the culm, 2-4 mm. wide, those of the involucre 

 2 or 3, the longer much exceeding the inflorescence ; 

 spikelets 3-10 in a dense terminal simple head, 

 oblong-cylindric, mostly acute, 1.5-25 cm. long, 5-8 

 mm. in diameter; scales ovate, membranous, puberu- 

 lent or glabrous, pale to brown, 2-toothed at the apex, 

 the midvein excurrent into an ascending or spreading 

 awn about 2 mm. long; bristles 1-3, much shorter 

 than the achene or none; style 2-cleft; achene lenticu- 

 lar, obovate or oblong-ovate, mucronulate, yellow- 

 brown. 



.Saline and alkaline marshes, Sonoran and Transition Zones; Lower California and southern California to 

 British Columbia, east to Texas, Manitoba, Minnesota and on the Atlantic Coast from New Jersey to Quebec. 

 About salt springs in the middle States. Type locality: Granger, Wyoming. 



17. Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray. 

 River Bulrush. Fig. 662. 



Scirpus maritimus flu'^-iatilis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 324. 



1836. 

 Scirpus fluviatilis A. Gray, Man. 527. 1848. 



Perennial by rootstocks ; culm stout, smooth, 

 triangular with nearly flat sides, 0.9-2 m. tall. Leaves 

 8-16 mm. w'ide. smooth, attenuate to a very long tip, 

 those of the involucre 3-5, erect or spreading, often 

 20 cm. long: spikelets in a terminal imnbel, solitary or 

 2-3 together at the ends of its long spreading or 

 drooping rays, or the central spikelets sessile, oblong- 

 cylindric, acute, 1.6-2.5 cm. long, about 7 mm. in 

 diameter; scales ovate, scarious, puberulent, the mid- 

 vein e.xcurrent into a curved awn 3-4 mm. long; 

 bristles 6, downwardly barbed, about as long as the 

 achene; style 3-cleft; achene sharply 3-angled, 

 obovoid, rather dull, short-pointed, 4 mm. long. 



Tule land and in sand along Calavaras River, near 

 Stockton, and in Sutter County, California; North Dakota to 

 Kansas, Quebec, and New Jersey. Type locality: western 

 New York. 



