276 



CYPERACEAE 



18. Scirpus microcarpus Presl. 

 Small- fruited Bulrush. Fig. 663. 



Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828. 

 Scirpus lenticularis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 32%. '1836. 

 Scirpus syl'-i'aticus digyuus Boeckl. I.innaea 36: 727. 1870. 



Perennial; culms 0.9-1.6 m. tall, often stout, over- 

 topped by the leaves. Longer leaves of the involucre 

 usuall\- exceeding the inflorescence; spikelets ovoid- 

 oblong, acute, 3-4 mm. long, in capitate clusters at 

 the ends of the usually spreading raylets ; scales 

 brown with a green midvein, bristles 4, barbed down- 

 wardly nearly or quite to the base, somewhat longer 

 than the achene; stamens 2; style 2-cleft; achene 

 oblong-obovate, nearly white, plano-convex or with a 

 low ridge on the back, pointed. 



In swamps and wet woods, Upper Sonoran and Transi- 

 tion Zones; southern California to Alaska, east to Nevada, 

 Colorado, Minnesota, Connecticut, and Newfoundland. Type 

 locality: Nootka Sound, Vancouver. 



19. Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fernald. 

 Pale Bulrush. Fig. 664. 



Scirpus atrovirens pallidus Britton, Trans. N. Y. 

 Acad. Sci. 9: 14. 1889. 



Scirpus pallidus Fernald, Rhodora 8: 162. 1906. 



Perennial, with short rootstocks ; culms 

 stout, triangular, 0.9-1.3 m. high. Leaves 

 pale, elongated, 6-15 mm. wide, somewhat 

 nodulose, umbel usually compound ; spikelets 

 oblong, numerous in dense capitate clusters 

 6-8 mm. in diameter ; scales pale, ovate, acute, 

 tipped with an awn about one-half as long as 

 the body ; bristles 6, downwardly barbed, 

 about as long as the oblong, trigonous achene. 



In brooks and swamps, Transition Zone; Oregon 

 and Washington, east to New Mexico, Texas, Kan- 

 sas, and Manitoba. Reported from Minnesota. Type 

 locality: Indian Territory [Oklahoma]. Recorded 

 from Washington by Piper, and by Watson from 

 Oregon as S. atrovirens. 



20. Scirpus congdoni Britton. 

 Congdon's Bulrush. Fig. 665. 



.Scirpus congdoni Britton, Torreya 18: 36. 1918. 



Perennial by short stout rootstocks ; culms slender, 

 erect, smooth, somewhat trigonous, 4-5 dm. high, leaf- 

 bearing below the middle. Leaves linear, sinooth, 

 acuminate, 5-6 mm. wide, the lower ones 1.5-2 dm. long, 

 the upper shorter; umbel more or less compound, its 

 principal rays 3-6, very slender, 8 cm. long or less ; 

 spikelets capitate at the ends of the rays and raylets, 

 several-flowered, the heads 7-10 mm. in diameter; scales 

 brown, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate ; 

 style 3-cleft ; achene pale, trigonous, about 2 mm. long, 

 short-beaked; bristles filiform, curled, slightly rough- 

 ened, rather longer than the achene. 



Madera, Plumas, and Fresno Counties in the Transition Zone, 

 California. Type locality: Upper San Joaquin, Madera County, 

 California. Referred by Watson to S. u'trovireus. 



