292 



CYPERACEAE 



11. Carex simulata Mackenzie. 

 Short-beaked Sedge. Fig. 687. 



Carex gayana Boott 111. Car. 3: 126. />/. 411. 1862. Not Desv. 

 Carex simulata Mackenzie Bull. Torrey Club 34: 604. 1908. 



Rootstocks slender, light brown, long-creeping, the culms 

 arising one-few together, 3-5 dm. high, roughened on the 

 angles above, much exceeding the leaves. Leaf-blades 2-4 

 mm. wide, flat; head linear-oblong or oblong-ovoid, 12-25 

 mm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, the 5-15 spikes densely aggregated, 

 pistillate, staminate or androgynous; bracts shorter than head; 

 scales concealing the perigynia, cuspidate, the midvein sharp, 

 brown with hyaline margins, not dull; perigynia ascending, 

 plano-convex, smooth, shining, coriaceous, broadly ovate, 1.8- 

 2.25 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, round truncate and little spongy 

 at base, sharp edged but not margined, nerveless ventrally, 

 nerved dorsally, serrulate above, abruptly beaked, the beak 

 0.25 mm. long, obliquely cut and with closed dorsal suture, 

 the apex at length bidentulate ; achenes lenticular ; stigmas 2. 



Wet soil. Transition and Canadian Zones; Montana to New Mexico 

 westward to Washington and the Sierra Nevada of California. Type 

 locality: Chug Creek, Albany County, Wyoming. 



12. Carex pansa Bailey. 

 Sand Dune Sedge. Fig. 688. 



Carex pansa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888. 



Rootstocks long-creeping, stout, dark-colored, the culms arising 

 one-few together, 1.5-3 dm. high, sharply triangular, roughened 

 above, exceeding leaves. Leaf-blades 1-3 mm. wide, flattened or 

 channelled: spikes closely aggregated in an oblong or oblong- 

 ovoid head, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the spikes lanceolate-ovoid, 7-8 mrn. 

 long, 5 mm. wide; lower bracts developed but shorter than head; 

 scales concealing perigynia, very dark chesnut brown with con- 

 spicuous white hyaline margins, shining; perigynia several-many, 

 appressed. plano-convex, smooth, coriaceous, shining, blackish in age, 

 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the body ovate, nerveless ventrally, 

 nerved dorsally, round tapering at base, sharp edged, but not wing- 

 margined, tapering into the beak ^-^^ length of body, the beak 1 

 mm. long, serrulate, obliquely cut and with closed suture dorsally, 

 the apex little hyaline at length bidentulate ; achenes lenticular ; stig- 

 mas 2. 



Drifting sands along the seacoast, Humid Transition Zone; Monterey County, 

 California, to southwestern Washington. Type locality: Clatsop, Oregon. 



13. Carex praegracilis W. Boott. 



Clustered Field Sedge. 



Fig. 689. 



1840. Not J. F. Gmel. 



1908. 

 1909 



culm arising 



Carex marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. pi. 213. 



1791. 

 Carex Praegracilis W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. 9: 87. 1884. 

 Carex iista Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 20. 1889. 

 Carex alterna C. B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 8: 69. 

 Carex siccata obsciirior Kiikenth. in Engler Pflanzenreich 4-": 133. 

 Care.r camporum Mackenzie, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 244. 1910. 



Rootstocks long-creeping, stout, dark-colored, the 

 1-few together, 2-5 dm. high, sharply triangular and roughened above 

 and normally exceeding leaves. Leaf-blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, flattened 

 or canaliculate ; spikes closely aggregated in a linear-oblong to oblong- 

 ovoid head, 1-5 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, the spikes normally androg- 

 ynous with 4-10 perigynia ; lower bracts developed, but exceeded by 

 head ; scales nearly concealing perigynia, ovate-lanceolate, acute to 

 cuspidate, dull light-brownish with hyaline margins; perigyria ap- 

 pressed-ascending, plano-convex, smooth, coriaceous, dull, blackish in 

 age, 3^ mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the body broadly ovate, nerved 

 dorsally, nerveless or nearly so ventrally, round tapering at base, 

 sharp-edged but not wing-margined, tapering into a beak Vs-Vz length 

 of body, the beak about 1 mm. long, serrulate, obliquely cut and promi- 

 nently hyaline at orifice and with closed suture dorsally, the apex at 

 length bidentulate ; achenes lenticular, stigmas 2. 



Meadows, widely distributed and variable. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; 

 Manitoba, Iowa and Kansas to Yukon, British Columbia, California, and central 

 Me.xico. Type locality: San Diego, California. 



