SEDGE FAMILY 



343 



164. Carex rostrata Stokes. 

 Beaked Sedge. Fig. 840. 



Carex vesicaria j8 L. Sp. PI. 979. 1753. 



Carex rostrata Stokes in With. Arrang. Brit. PL ed. 2, 2: 1059. 1787. 



Carex amt^uUacca Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 207. 1794. 



Carex utriciilata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1840. 



Cespitose and stoloniferous, the culms stout, phyllopodic, 

 3-12 dm. high, obtusely triangular, rough above the lowest 

 spike. Leaf-blades 2-12 mm. wide, the sheaths strongly 

 nodulose dorsally and little if at all breaking and hlamentose 

 ventrally ; staminate spikes 2—1, slender, 1-6 cm. long, 4 mm. 

 wide ; pistillate spikes 2-A, erect, remote, cylindric, densely 

 many-flowered, sessile or short-peduncled, 5-15 cm. long. 

 6-20 mm. wide, the perigynia spreading-ascending or at ma- 

 turity spreading; lower bracts exceeding culm; scales 

 lanceolate, narrower than and from shorter to longer than 

 the perigynia. acute or awned ; perigynia ovoid, round in 

 cross-section. 4-6 mm. long. 2 mm. wide, several-nerved, 

 membranaceous, inflated, greenish straw color or darker 

 tinged, abruptly beaked, the beak smooth, 1.5-2 mm. long, 

 with erect or spreading teeth 1 mm. long or less ; achenes 

 triangular; style slender, continuous with achene; stigmas 3. 



Swampy places, Transition and Canadian Zones; Labrador to 

 -Alaska, south to Delaware, Xew Mexico, and California; widely 

 distributed in Eurasia. Type locality: Great Britain. 



165. Carex retrorsa Schw. 

 Retrorse Sedge. Fig. 841. 



Carex retrosa Schw. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 71. 1824. 

 Carex hartii Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. IL 41: 226. 1866. 



Cespitose from short rootstocks. stoloniferous. the 

 culms stout. 5-10 dm. high, smooth or slightly _ rough, 

 much exceeded by upper leaves and bracts. Leaf-blades 

 4-10 mm. wide, flat, tliin, rough-margined, nodulose, not 

 clustered at base, the sheaths brownish hyaline ventrally ; 

 terminal 1-3 spikes staminate, linear, more or less 

 pcduncled : pistillate spikes 3-8, cylindric. densely many- 

 flowered, erect, aggregated and short-peduncled or the 

 lower strongly separate and long-peduncled ; bracts 

 short-sheathing; scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 

 about equalling body of perigynia, straw color with green 

 midvein. often purplish brown tinged ; perigynia spread- 

 ing or the lower reflexed at inaturity, yellowish green, 

 inflated, 7-10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, the body ovoid, sub- 

 orbicular in cross section, coarsely about 10-nerved, 

 rounded at base, membranaceous, rather abruptly taper- 

 ing into the sinooth bidentate beak 2-3.5 mm. long, the 

 slender teeth erect. 0.5 mm. long; achenes triangular; 

 style slender, very abruptly bent, continuous with achene ; 

 stigmas 3. 



Swamps and wet meadows, tapper Sonoran and Transition 

 Zones; Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to northern 

 Xew Jersey, Iowa, and Oregon. Type locality : Massachusetts. 



166. Carex hystricina Mtihl. 

 Porcupine Sedge. Fig. 842. 



Carex hystricina Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PL 4: 282. 1805. 

 Carex cooleyi Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 48: 144. 1845. 



Cespitose and stoloniferous, the culms 3-9 dm. high, reddish 

 purple at the base, rough above. Leaf-blades 3-8 nun. wide, the 

 basal sheaths often breaking and fllamentose ; staminate spike 1-5 

 cm. long, 2.5-4 mm. wide, slender-stalked, the scales rough-awned ; 

 pistillate spikes 1-4, approximate or strongly separate, densely 

 many-flowered, oblong or oblong-cylindric. 1-6 cm. long, 10-14 

 mm. wide, the lower slender-stalked ; lower bracts exceeding the 

 culm ; scales rough awned, narrower and mostly shorter than the 

 perigynia, green, 3-nerved ; perigynia narrowly ovoid, ascending 

 or at length spreading, 5-6 mm. long. 1.5-2 mm. wide, finely 15-20- 

 nerved, greenish straw color, rounded and short-stipitate at base, 

 tapering into a smooth bidentate beak 2 tnm. long, the slender 

 teeth erect ; achenes triangular ; style slender, continuous with the 

 achene ; stigmas 3. 



Swampy soiL Transition Zone; Xew Brunswick to Washington, south to 

 Pennsylvania, Texas, Arizona, and Trinity County, California. Rare and 

 local in our area. Type locality: Pennsylvania. 



