BUNCH-FJ.OW'ER FAMILY 



375 



1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh. Glaucous Zygadene. Fig. 916. 



Zygadenns elegans Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 241. 1814. 

 Zygadeinis longiis Greene, Pittonia 4: 241. 1901. 

 A'nticlea elegaiis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 272. 1903. 

 Anticlca longa Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 12. 1910. 



Plant glaucous, with a slender stem 2-10 dm. 

 high ; bulb long-ovoid, 3 cm. long, its coats mem- 

 branous. Leaves 4-14 mm. wide, keeled, the 

 lower 10-30 cm. long, the upper much shorter ; 

 bracts lanceolate, 1 cm. long or more, green or 

 purplish : inflorescence a simple or compound 

 raceme, open, its branches ascending ; flowers 

 greenisli or yellowish white ; perianth-segments 

 about 10 mm. long, oval or obovate, obtuse, bear- 

 ing a large obcordate gland just above the short 

 claw ; capsule oblong, 20-25 mm. long, exceeding 

 the erect withered perianth-segments. 



Moist places, mainly Canadian Zone; Alaska to Colo- 

 rado, Utah, Nevada, and Oregon. In the Pacific States it 

 is mostly in eastern Washington and northeastern Oregon, 

 but occurs in the Olympic Mountains. Type locality: Big 

 Blackfoot River, Montana. 



2. Zygadenus fremontii Torr. 

 Fremont's Zygadene. Star Lily. Fig. 917. 



Anticlea fremontii Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 144. 1857. 

 Zygadenus douglasii Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 20. 1857. 

 Zxgadenus fremontii Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King E.xpl. 



343. 1871. 

 Zygadenus speciosns Dougl. ; Greene, Man. Bot. Bay 



Reg. 315. 1894. 



Plants 5-8 dm. high ; bulbs oblong-ovoid, 2-3 

 cm. long, with dark membranous coats. Basal 

 leaves usually falcate, 3-5 dm. long, 1-2 cm. 

 wide, the cauline few and much reduced ; inflor- 

 escence a simple or more commonly compound 

 raceme, often 30 cm. long; perianth-segments 10- 

 14 mm. long, ovate, obtuse, sepals short-clawed, 

 the petals long-clawed ; gland greenish yellow, 

 toothed on its upper margin ; stamens about 

 half as long as the perianth-segments ; cap- 

 sule 15-30 mm. long; seeds 10-20 in each cell, 

 about 5 mm. long. 



Hillsides, especially among bushes, Upper Sonoran 

 Zone; California Coast Ranges, from Mendocino to San 

 Diego Counties. Type locality: Santa Cruz, California. 



Zygadenus fremontii minor (Greene) Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 122. 1901. (Zygadenus speciosns 

 minor Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 315. 1894.) Smaller than the species; inflorescence a few-flowered (usually 

 3-5) corymbose raceme. Open moist fields near the coast, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; San Fran- 

 cisco to Monterey. 



3. Zygadenus exaltatus Eastw. 



Giant Zygadene. 



Fig. 918. 



Zygadenus exaltatus Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 41: 2S3. 1906. 

 To.xicoscordion exaltatum Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 83. 

 1910. 



Plants stout, 6-8 dm. tall ; bulbs oblong- 

 ovoid, 10 cm. long, 5 cm. thick. Basal leaves 

 6 dm. or more long, 2 cm. wide, the lower 

 cauline sheathing at base, the upper not 

 sheathing; inflorescence paniculate, 2-3 dm. 

 long, the lower 1)ranches usually only stami- 

 nate. perianth-segments 7-8 mm. long, the 

 sepals sessile, elliptic, obtuse, the petals dis- 

 tinctly clawed ; gland toothed on the upper 

 margin; filaments dilated toward the base, 5 

 mm. long; capsule 2 cm. long. 



Wooded hillsides. Upper Sonoran and Transition 

 Zones; western slope of the Sierra Nevada, Butte to 

 Tulare Counties. California. Tvpe locality: Prindle's 

 Ranch, above Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, Cali- 

 fornia. 



