LILY FAMILY 



405 



7. HOOKERA Salisb. Parad. Loud. pi. 98. 1808. 

 [Brodiaea Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811.] 



Scapes erect, straight from a fibrous-coated corm, with few linear leaves and a solitary 

 umbel subtended by several membranous bracts. Perianth-tube thick or becoming membran- 

 ous turbinate, segments equalling the tube, spreading at the tip. Anther-bearing stamens 3, 

 inserted on the throat opposite the inner segments, the outer set of stamens reduced to 

 staminodia; anthers basifixed. Ovary and capsule sessile or subsessile. Seeds angled, black, 

 2-8 in each cavity. [Named for William Jackson Hooker.] 



A genus of 10 species restricted to western North America and mainly California. Type species, Hookera 

 coronaria Salisb. 



Staminodia prominent, oblong or lanceolate, emarginate to acute. 

 Filaments not appendaged. 



Staminodia obtuse or emarginate; perianth violet-purple. 

 Perianth funnel-form, the tube turbinate. 



Scapes usually 2 dm. or more high; filaments as thick as broad and not winged. 



1. H . coronaria. 

 Scapes very short, mainly subterranean: filaments flat and winged. 2. H. terrestris. 



Perianth with rotate segments, the tube not turbinate. 



Perianth-tube scarcely constricted over the ovary, becoming membranous and splitting away 



from the capsule. 3. H. californica. 



Perianth-tube strongly constricted over the ovary, not becoming membranous. 



4. H. minor, 

 Staminodia acute; perianth rose-purple. 5. H. rosea. 



Filaments with dorsal appendages behind the anthers. 6. H. stellaris. 



Staminodia wanting or when present small, scale-like and acuminate. 



Anthers on slender filaments about 3 mm. long. 7. H. orcuttn. 



Anthers sessile. 8. H. fihfolia. 



1. Hookera coronaria Salisb. 

 Harvest Hookera. Fig. 993. 



Hookera coronaria Salisb. Parad. Lond. pi. 98. 1808. 

 Brodiaea grandiflora Smith. Trans. Linn. -Soc. 10: 2. 1811, 



Corm sub-globose, 18-25 mm. broad, seated 

 10-15 cm. Leaves usually about equalling the 

 scape. 2 mm. wide, thick or somewhat terete ; 

 scapes stout, 2-5 dm. high; umbels open, 2-11- 

 flowered ; pedicels stout, unequal, 3S cm. long ; 

 perianth violet-purple, 25-40 mm. long; the tube 

 funnel-form, about half the length of the narrowly 

 oblong, thick and persistent, segments ; filaments 

 4-5 mm. long, slender, not laterally winged ; 

 anthers 8-10 mm. long, sagittate at base, entire 

 or nearly so at apex ; staminodia white, shorter 

 than or equalling the stamens, oblong-lanceolate, 

 mostly acute ; capsule sessile oblong, narrower at 

 base, attenuate at apex into the stout persistent 

 style ; seeds 6-8 in each cavity. 



Usually in heavy soils, and the most common species. 

 Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones: western British 

 Columbia to the Mexican Boundary, west of the Cascades 

 and the Sierra Nevada. Type locality: "in California." 



2. Hookera terrestris (Kell.) Britten. 

 Dwarf Hookera. Fig. 994. 



Brodiaea terrestris Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 6. 1859. 

 Brodiaea torreyi Wood, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868: 172. 

 Hookera terrestris Britten, Journ. Bot. 24: 51. 1886. 



Leaves 2-3, much exceeding the scapes, channelled, 

 2-4 mm. wide. Scapes 2-6 cm. long, scarcely rising 

 above the surface of the ground or wholly subter- 

 ranean ; umbels open, l-10-fio\vered ; pedicels slender 

 unequal, 3-9 cm. long; perianth violet-purple, 15-20 

 mm. long, the tube broadly funnel-form ; segments 

 oblong-oval, about a third longer than the tube, 

 rotate ; filaments about 2 mm. long, flat and laterally 

 winged; anthers 3 inm. long; staminodia yellow, 

 exceeding the anthers, the margins revolute. emar- 

 ginate at apex ; capsule narrowed at base, attenuate 

 at apex into the beak-like style-base. 



In clay, serpentine or sandy soils. Upper Sonoran and 

 Tlumid Transition Zones: Mendocino County to southern Cali- 

 fornia. Type locality: vicinity of San Francisco. 



