408 



LIHACEAE 



8. DICHELOSTEMMA Kunth. Enum. PI. 4: 469. 1843. 



Scape tortuous or twining from a depressed fibrous-coated corni. Leaves usually 2, fleshy, 

 linear. Umbel subtended by 3 or more thin spathaceous bracts. Perianth-tube thin, more or 

 less inflated and angular or saccate, about equalled by the segments. Stamens 6, the inner with 

 a free lanceolate appendage on each side, sterile in most species, the outer naked; anthers 

 basifixed. Ovary sessile ; ovules 3-8 in each cell ; style persistent, with short divergent stig- 

 mas. Capsule ovate to oblong, more or less attenuate above. Seeds angled, black. [Greek 

 meaning a bifid corona, referring to the appendages.] 



A genus of 5 species peculiar to western America and mostly Californian. Type species, Dichelostemma 

 congestum (Smith) Kunth. 



Stamens with the outer set reduced to staminodia. the inner anther-bearing. 



Filaments winged with emarginate appendages; flowers rose-red, umbellate. 1. D. cahfornicum. 



Filaments naked; flowers violet-purple, capitate. , , ,, 



Staminodia deeply cleft. 2 IX pulchelhnn. 



Staminodia obtuse. . , • . ^\^- ""''*'/'<^''"'"- 



Stamens all anther-bearing, the outer with naked filaments, the inner with winged appendages. 



4. D. capitatum. 



1. Dichelostemma californicum (Torr.) Wood. 

 Twinine Saitas or Brodiaea. Fig. 1001. 



Stropholirion californicum Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 149. pi. 21. 



1857 

 Rupalle'ya vohihilis Moriere, Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. 8: 317. 



Dichelostemma californicum Wood, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868: 



Brodiaea vohibilis Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 377. 1871. 



Leaves several, 30 cm. long or more. 8-L 



mm. 



wide, carinate. Scape erect and more or less con- 

 torted, 5-10 dm. high, or often twining and 2-3 m. 

 long; umbels dense, 15-30-flowered ; pedicels fili- 

 form, 15-25 mm. long; perianth rose-red or pinkish, 

 12-16 mm. long, the tube 6-8 mm. long and nearly as 

 wide, 6-angled, the angles produced into sacs above 

 the middle, the segments equalling the tube, oblong, 

 rotate, their tips recurved; stamens 3, opposite the 

 inner perianth-segments; filaments short-winged 

 with emarginate appendages; staminodia 3, opposite 

 outer perianth-segments, ligulate, emarginate ; capsule 

 ovate, accuminate, subsessile. 



On ooen grassy slopes, or in thickets. Upper Sonoran Zone; Coast Ranges of northern California and 

 in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada to Kern County. Type locality: "Knight's Ferry, Stanislaus River. 

 Calitornia. 



2. Dichelostemma pulchellum(Salisb.) Heller. 

 Northern Saitas or Ookow. Fig. 1002. 



Hookera pulchella Salisb. Parad. Lond. under pi. 98. 1806. 

 Brodiaea congesta Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811. 

 Dichelostemma congestum Kunth, Enum. PI. 4: 470. 1843. 

 Hookera congesta Jepson, Fi. W. Mid. Calif. 116. 1901. 

 Dichelostemma pulchellum Heller, Muhlenbergia, 1: 12)2. 1906. 



Leaves 2 or more, subterete, usually nearly equalling 

 the scape, 6-12 mm. wide. Scape more or less flexuose, 

 5-10 dm. high; umbels 6-20-flowered, congested into 

 short racemose head-like clusters ; pedicels 2-8 mm. 

 long; perianth deep violet-purple, 14-18 mm. long, the 

 tube about equalling the segments, slightly constricted 

 at the throat, the segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 

 spreading; anthers 3, sessile; staminodia deeply cleft, 

 longer than the anthers, purple, spreading with the 

 segments ; capsule sessile, 10 mm. long. 



Open hillsides. Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; west- 

 ern Washington southward to the western slopes of the Sierra 

 Nevada to Mariposa County and in the Coast Ranges to Santa 

 Clara County, California. Type locality: collected by Menzies 

 somewhere on the Pacific Coast, but definite locality not known. 



