LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY FAMILY 



449 



caulint alternate or verticillate, or in Asparagus and its allies, reduced to scales 

 bearing filiform or flattened branchlets in their axils. Perianth 4-6-parted with 

 separate segments, or oblong, cylindric or urn-shaped and 6-lobed or 6-toothed. 

 Stamens 3 or 6. rarely 4, hypogynous or inserted on the perianth ; anthers introrse or 

 extrorse, or sometimes laterally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled ; ovules 

 anatroix)us or amphitropous ; style slender or short ; stigma mostlv 3-lobed. 

 Fruit a fleshy berry ; rarely a capsule. Seeds few or numerous. Embrvo small. 



About 23 genera and 215 species, widely distributed. 



Stamens 3; fruit a 1-celled capsule. 1. 



Stamens 6; fruit a 3-celled berry. 



Leaves 3, whorled at the summit of the stem. 2. 



Leaves not whorled at the summit of the stem. 



Leaves reduced to scales: branchlets filiform, green. 3. 



Leaves broad; stems simple or somewhat branched. 



Leaves basal; flowers solitary or umbellate. 4. 



Leaves alternate, or solitary and rising from the rootstock on a long slender petiole. 

 Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. 



Perianth-segments 6. 5. 



Perianth-segments 4. g' 



Flowers solitary or in few-flowered umbels, drooping. 



Flowers terminal. 7_ 



Flowers axillary, usually solitary. 



Perianth narrowly campanulate. 8. 



Perianth rotate. g' 



Scoliof'iis. 

 Trim 11)11. 

 Asparagus. 

 Clintottia. 



Vagnera. 

 Unifolium. 



Disporum. 



Streptopus. 

 Kruhsea. 



1. SCOLIOPUS Turr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4:' 14.^. pi. 22. 1857. 



Xearly acaulescent glabrous perennial herbs, with a short hbrous-rooted rootstock. Stem 

 very short, subterranean. Leaves 2, oval to lanceolate, sessile or subsessile, many-nerved 

 with transverse veinlets, more or less punctuate with purple dots. Flowers in a sessile umbel, 

 on elongated, more or less recurved and tortuous pedicels, ill-scented. Perianth-segments 

 6, distinct, deciduous; the outer 3 spreading, lanceolate, several-nerved, punctate; the 

 inner erect and converging over the pistil, linear, 3-nerved. Stamens 3, attached at the 

 base of the outer segments; filaments filiform-subulate; anthers oblong, 2-celled, extrorse, 

 attached above the middle. Ovary sessile, narrow, attenuate at apex, strongly 3-angled, 1- 

 celled, with the placentae in the thickened angles; style very short; stigmas 3, linear, re- 

 curved, deeply channelled on the inner surface, persistent; ovules about 10. in 2 row-s on 

 each placenta. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, strongly 3-angled, thin-membranous, dehiscing 

 irregularly. Seeds oblong, slightly curved, sulcate-striate longitudinally. [Greek meaning, 

 crooked foot or stalk, in allusion to the tortuous pedicels.] 



Two species of the Pacific States. Type species, ScoUopus bigelovii Torr. 



Perianth-segments about 15 mm. long; stigmas 5 mm. long. 1. 5. bigelovii. 



Perianth-segments about 8 mm. long; stigmas 2 mm. long. 2. S. hallii. 



1. Scoliopus bigelovii Torr. California Fetid Adder's-tongue. Fig. 1108. 



Scolioptts bigelovii Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 145. pi. 22. 1857. 



Stem subterranean, 2-5 cm. long. Leaves elliptic 

 to oblong, 10-20 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, obtuse at 

 apex, sheathing at base, often mottled with dark 

 splotches, peduncle \tvy short ; pedicels 3-12. 

 elongated and scape-like, shorter than or exceed- 

 ing the leaves, more or less tortuous and becoming 

 strongly recurved in fruit, flowers mottled with 

 green and purple, fetid; outer perianth-segments 

 ovate-lanceolate, about 15 mm. long, spreading or 

 recurving ; inner segments linear-subulate, about 

 equalling the outer segments, scarcely over 1 mm. 

 wide, converging over the pistil ; stamens 5-6 mm. 

 long; stigmas 5-6 mm. long, becoming strongly re- 

 curved; capsule 15-18 mm. long, beaked by the per- 

 sistent style and stigmas. 



Moist wooded slopes, especially among redwoods. Humid 

 Transition Zone; Humboldt County to the Santa Cruz Moun- 

 tains, California. Type locality: "Tamul Pass, Marin County, 

 California." 



