450 



CONVALLARIACEAE 



2. Scoliopus hallii S. Wats. 

 Oregon Fetid Adder's-tongue. Fig. 1109. 



ScoHot'iis iHillii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 272. 

 1879. 



Stem very short, subterranean, sheathed by 

 the old leaf-bases. Leaves 2, oblong-elliptic, 

 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, obtuse at apex, 

 sheathing at base, and somewhat petioled ; pedi- 

 cels 1-8, very slender, 3-6 cm. long, ascending 

 in flower, recurved in fruit; perianth-segments 

 about 8 mm. long;' the outer segments mottled 

 with yellowish green and purple, lanceolate or 

 oblancolate, spreading ; the inner segments 

 linear-spatulate, arched over the pistil ; stamens 

 about 4 mm. long; stigmas recurved, linear, 2 

 mm. long; capsule including the beak about 15 

 mm. long, brownish purple. 



On moist mossy banks along mountain streams. Humid 

 Transition Zone; western Oregon. Type locality: Cas- 

 cade Mountains, Oregon. 



2. TRILLIUM L. Sp. PI. 339. 1753. 



Glabrous erect unbranched herbs, with short scarred rootstocks and 3 leaves whorled at 



the summit of the stem, subtending the sessile or peduncled solitary bractless flower. Solitary 



long-petioled leaves are sometimes borne on the rootstock. Perianth of 2 distinct series of 



segments, the outer 3 (sepals) green, persistent, the inner 3 (petals) white, pink, purple or 



sometimes greenish, deciduous or withering. Stamens 6. hypogynous ; filaments short ; 



anthers linear, mostly introrse. Ovary sessile, 3-6-angled or lobed, 3-celled ; ovules several 



or numerous in each cavity ; styles 3, stigmatic along the inner side. Berry many-seeded. 



Seeds horizontal. [Latin in allusion to the 3-parted flowers and the 3 leaves.] 



About 25 species of North America and Asia, besides the following there are 12 in eastern North America. 

 Type species, Trillium ceniumn L. 



Flower distinctly pedicelled. 



Capsule winged; stems 3-6 dm. high. 



Capsule globose, scarcely angled; stems 1-2 dm. high. 

 Flower sessile. 



Leaves sessile. 



Leaves long-petioled. 



1. T. ovatnm. 



2. T. rivale. 



3. T. chloropctalum. 



4. T. petiolatuin. 



1. Trillium ovatum Ptirsh. 

 Western ^^'ake-robin or Trillium. Fig. 1104. 



Trillium ovatum Pursh, FI. Am. Sept. 245. 1814. 



Trillium calif oruicuni Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 50. /. 2. 1860. 



Trillium crassifoliitm Piper, Erythea 7: 104. 1899. 



Trillium scouleri Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 394. 1906. 



Trillium venosum Gates, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 4: 66. pi. 6, f. 1. 1917. 



Stem 3-5 dm. high, from a horizontal or suberect root- 

 stock. Leaves rhombic-ovate, 5-15 cm. long, acute or short- 

 acuminate, narrowed or somewhat rounded to the sessile or 

 shortly petiolate base ; pedicel erect, 25-75 mm. long ; sepals 

 broadly oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate 25-50 mm. 

 long; petals equalling or little exceeding the sepals, 6-25 mm. 

 wide, white soon turning to deep rose color; anthers 8-15 

 mm. long, longer than the filaments ; berry broadly ovate, 

 somewhat winged, 12-18 mm. long. 



Wooded slopes. Transition and Canadian Zones; British Columbia 

 and Montana, southward through Oregon and the Coast Ranges of Cali- 

 fornia to the Santa Cruz Mountains. Type locality: Cascades of the 

 Columbia River. Considerable variation occurs throughout the range of 

 the species and several of the more striking forms have been designated 

 by name, but all are inconstant even in any given region so that separa- 

 tion seems impracticable. But to the plant-breeder and floral gardener 

 the variations in size, color, and shape of the flowers in this species and 

 chloropctalum offer opportunities for the development of many garden 

 varieties. 



