478 



ORCHIDACEAE 



5. SERAPIAS L. Sp. PL 949. 1753. 



[Epipactis (Hall.) Zinn, Cat. PI. Hort. Goett. 85. 1757.] 



Tall short simple-stemmed leafy herbs from creeping rootstocks. Leaves ovate to lanceo- 

 late, plicate, clasping. Flowers few, in a terminal leafy-bracted raceme. Sepals and petals 

 similar, all separate. Lip free, sessile, broad, concave below, constricted near the middle, the 

 upper portion dilated and petal-like. Spur none. Column short and erect. Anther one, ses- 

 sile, back of the broad truncate stigma. Pollinia 2-parted granulose, becoming attached to the 

 glandular beak of the stigma. Capsule oblong, beakless. [Named for the Egyptian deity 

 Serapis.] 



About 10 species, widely distributed. Besides the following the type species, Seraf<ias helleborine L., 

 occurs in the eastern United States. 



1. Serapias gigantea (Dougl.) A. A. 

 Eaton. 



Giant Helleborine. Fig. 1169. 



Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 202. 

 pi. 202. 1839. 



Serapias gigantea A. A. Eaton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 

 21: 67. 1908. 



Stem erect, simple 3-10 dm. high, sparsely 

 pubescent. Lower leaves ovate, the upper lance- 

 olate, acute. 5-15 cm. long; flowers 3-15. green- 

 ish or purplish, on pedicels 4-8 mm. long; sepals 

 15 mm. long, the upper concave; the lateral 

 spreading and acute ; petals orange-purple, 

 purple-veined ; lip ovate, lanceolate, with short 

 erect lobes and many callous tubercles near the 

 base; capsule reflexed, 2-3 cm. long. 



Stream banks and springs, Transition and Upper So- 

 noran Zones; British Columbia to Lower California, 

 Montana and Texas. Type locality: "N. W. America, 

 on the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky Moun- 

 tains." Also called False Lady-'s Slipper. 



6. EBUROPHYTON Heller, IMuhlenbergia 1 : 48. 1904. 



Saprophytic perennial herb, -with branched, creeping rootstock, whole plant white. Leaves 

 reduced to scarious sheathing bracts. Flowers in a terminal raceme, nearly sessile, subtended 

 by scarious bracts. Lateral sepals spreading, strongly keeled and somewhat concave. Upper 

 sepal and petals erect and somewhat connivent. Lip free, the saccate base with broad wing- 

 like margin, articulate at the middle with a callosity on each side ; stigma beakless ; anther 

 stipitate. Pollinia distinct, not connected to a gland, granulose. 



A monotypic genus of western North America. 



1. Eburophyton austinae (A. Grav) 

 Heller. 



Phantom Orchid. Fig. 1170. 



Chloroea aiistiuac A. Gray, Proc. Am. A-cad. 12: 83. 



1876. 

 Ccphalanthera oregona Reichenb. Linnaea 41: 53. 1877. 

 Cephalanthcra austinae Heller, Cat. N. Am. PI. ed. 2. 4. 



1900. 

 Eburophyton austinae Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 49. 1904. 



Scape stout, 2-5 dm. high, clothed with 3-4 

 scarious sheaths below and usually with 1 or 2 

 long free linear-lanceolate bracts above. Raceme 

 5-15 cm. long, about 5-20-flowered ; sepals and 

 petals oblong-lanceolate, nearly equal, 12-15 mm. 

 long; lip a little shorter, the saccate base with 3 

 broad wing-like margin, the nerves in the center 

 wavy-crested ; column 4 mm. long, about twice as 

 long as the anther. 



In coniferous forests; Transition and Canadian Zones; 

 Washington and Idaho south to Mariposa and Monterey 

 Counties, California. Type locality: near Ouincy, Plumas 

 County, California. 



