ORCHID FA^IILY 



483 



13. CORALLORRHIZA (Haller) Chatelain, Spec. Inaug-. 8. 1760. 



Scapose, yellowish or purplish herbs, saprophytes or root-parasites, with large masses of 



coralloid branching rootstocks. Leaves all reduced to sheathing scales. Flowers in terminal 



racemes, subtended by minute bracts. Sepals nearly equal, the lateral united at base with the 



foot of the column, forming a short spur or gibbous protuberance, the other one free, the spur 



adnate to the summit of the ovary. Petals about equalling the sepals, 1-3-nerved. Lip 1-3- 



ridged, column slightly incurved, somewhat 2-winged. Anther terminal, operculate. Pollinia 



4, in 2 pairs, oblique, free, waxy. [Greek, from the coral-like roots.] 



About 15 species, widely distributed in the north temperate regions; about 9 are North American. Type 

 species, Corallorrhica trifida Chatelain. 



Spur present, adnate to the ovary. 



Sepals and petals 1-nerved, often very small. 

 Sepals and petals 3-nerved; spur prominent. 



Lip 3-lobed, spotted; spur adnate its whole length. 

 Lip entire, not spotted; spur free below the middle. 

 Spur none; lateral sepals oblique and gibbous at base. 

 Lip deeply and narrowly concave, 6-8 mm. long. 

 Lip shallowly and broadly concave, 10-12 mm. long. 



L C. corallorrhiza. 



2. C. maculata. 



3. C. mcrtensiana. 



4. C. bigclorii. 



5. C striata. 



1. Corallorrhiza corallorrhiza (L.) Karst. Early Coral-root. Fig. 1180. 



=#* 



Ophrys corallorrhiza L. Sp. PI. 945. 1753. 

 Corallorrhiza trifida Chatelain, Spec. Inaug. 8. 1760. 

 Corallorrhiza ncottia Scop. Fl. Corn. ed. 2. 2: 207. 1772. 

 Corallorrhiza innata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 209. 



1813. 

 Corallorrhiza corallorrhiza Karst. Deutsch Fl. 448. 1880-83. 



Scape rather slender, 1-3 dm. high, clothed with 

 2-5 closely sheathing scale bracts. Raceme 3-7 cm. 

 long, 3-12-tlowered ; bracts minute ; flowers dull 

 purple, very short pedicelled ; sepals and petals about 

 5 mm. long, narrow, 1-nerved ; lip shorter than the 

 petals, oblong, whitish, 2-lobed or 2-toothed toward 

 the base ; spur a small protuberance adnate to the 

 summit of the ovary; capsule 8-12 mm. long, oblong 

 or somewhat obovoid. 



On forest floors, Transition and Canadian Zones; Alaska 

 to Newfoundland south to Washington, Colorado, Ohio and 

 Georgia. May-June. Type locality: Europe. 



2. Corallorrhiza maculata Raf. 

 Spotted Coral-root. Fig. 1181. 



Corallorrhiza maculata Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 119. 



1817. 

 Corallorrhiza tnultiflora Nutt. Tourn. Acad. Phila. 3: 



138. pi. 7. 1823. 

 Corallorrhiza multiflora occidentalis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 



Orchid. 534. 1840. 



Scape stout, 2-5 dm. high, purplish, clothed 

 with usually 3 sheathing appressed scales. Ra- 

 ceme 5-20 cm. long, 10-35-fiowered ; bracts 

 minute ; pedicels about 2 mm. long ; flowers 

 mainly brownish purple ; sepals and petals some- 

 what connivent at base, linear-lanceolate, 7-10 

 mm. long, 3-nerved; lip white, spotted and 

 lined with crimson, oval to ovate in outline, 

 deeply 3-lobed, the middle lobe broader tlian the 

 lateral, crenulate, bearing 2 narrow lamellae; 

 spur prominent, yellowish ; capsule ovoid or ob- 

 long, 10-15 mm. long, drooping. 



In woods. Transition and Canadian Zones; British 

 Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to southern California, 

 New Mexico and Florida. June-Sept. Type locality. 

 Philadelphia. 



