516 



FAGACEAE 



2. LITHOCARPUS Blume, Bijdr. 526. 1825. 



Trees with astringent deeply furrowed bark, stellate pubescence, hard close-grained wood, 

 petioled evergreen leaves and persistent stipules. Staminate aments erect, dense; the flowers 

 in clusters of 3, in the axils of ovate rounded bracts with 2 lateral bractlets; calyx tomentose, 

 5-lobed ; stamens 10. Pistillate flowers usually at the base of the staminate ament, solitary ifi 

 the axils of acute bracts and minute lateral bractlets ; calyx 6-lobcd ; styles 3. Fruit an acorn, 

 maturing in the autumn of the second year. Nut 1 -seeded, surrounded at base by the cup-like 

 involucre. [Greek, meaning stone fruit.] 



About 100 species confined to southeastern Asia, with the exception of one California species. Type 

 species, Litliocarpiis jaTcnsis Blume. 



1. Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. Tan-l^ark Oak. Fig. 1251. 



Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 391. 1841. 

 Pasania densiflci-a Oerst. in Kloeb. Vidensk. Middel. 84. 1866. 



3569. 



Lithocarpus densiflora Rehd. in Bailey, Cycl. Hort. 6: 

 1917. 



Forest tree 25-35 m. high, with a trunk 1-2 m. in 

 diameter, and a narrow conical crown ; young twigs 

 tomentose ; bark 2-4 cm. thick, fissured. Leaves per- 

 sisting 3-4 years, oblong, 5-12 cm. long, acute or some- 

 times rounded at both ends, lateral veins parallel, 

 prominent, ending in sharp teeth; petioles 15-20 mm. 

 long ; staminate aments densely flowered, erect, 7-10 

 cm. long, ill-scented; nut rounded at base, gradually 

 tapering to the apex, the shell thick ; cup shallow with 

 linear stiff spreading scales, tomentose on the inner 

 surface. 



In forests of the Humid and Arid Transition Zones; rang- 

 ing from the Unipqua River, Oregon, to Mariposa County, in 

 the Sierra Nevada and the Santa Ynez Mountains in the Coast 

 Ranges of California. Best developed in the redwood belt. 

 The bark is extensively used for tanning. The wood is hard 

 and strong, suitable for implements. Type locality: Califor- 

 nia, locality not indicated. 



Lithocarpus densiflora echinoides (R. Br.) Abrams. (Quercus echinoidcs R. B'r. Campst. Ann. & Mag. 

 Nat. Hist. IV. 7: 251. 1871.) Low shrub 0.5-3 m. high. Leaves entire, 25-50 mm. long, their veins in- 

 conspicuous; cups with slender awl-shaped recurved and uncinate scales. This shrubby variety, or possibly 

 distinct species inhabits the Canadian Zone in the Mt. Shasta and Siskiyou region, extending to elevations 

 of 8,000 ft. The Sierran form of the species is more or less intermediate between the two, but may prove a 

 distinct geographical variety. 



3. QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 994. 1753. 



Trees and shrubs with persistent or deciduous leaves, hard wood with astringent properties, 

 and slender angled twigs marked by lenticels. Staminate aments slender drooping or spread- 

 ing, the flowers solitary in the axils of caducous bracts; calyx usually 6-lobed ; stamens 5-12; 

 pistillate solitary in many-bracted involucres; style 3, short. Fruit an acorn consisting of the 

 imbricated and more or less united bracts of the cup-like involucre subtending and partly 

 enclosing the 1-seeded coriaceous nut. [The classical Latin name.] 



A large genus of approximately 200 species, inhabiting the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere 

 and extending into the tropics in mountainous districts. Type species, Quercus robur L. 



Bark not scaly, smooth or on old trunks irregularly ruptured; stigmas on slender styles; scales of the 

 involucre thin and closely imbricated; nut tomentose on the inner surface. Black Oaks 



Leaves deciduous, large and divided into bristle-tipped lobes. 1. Q. kelloggii. 



Leaves evergreen, small and coriaceous. 



Acorns maturing the second autumn; leaves plane, bright yellow-green and glabrous below. 



2. Q. wishsenii. 

 Acorns maturing the first autumn; leaves convex, pale beneath usually with tufts of hairs in the axils 

 of the principal veins. 3. Q. agrifolia. 



Bark scaly, and on large trees usually furrowed; stigmas broad and nearly or quite sessile; cups usually with 

 tuberculate scales. White Oaks 



Acorns maturing the first autumn; nut glabrous on the inner surface. 

 Leaves deciduous. 



Leaves not blue-green, distinctly lobed. 



Acorn cup deep hemispheric; nut tapering at apex. ... 



Branchlets drooping; bark deeply fissured; leaves not prominently reticulate-veined beneath. 



4. Q. lobata. 

 Branclilets not drooping; bark scaly; leaves prominently reticulate-veined beneath. 



9. Q. macdoitaldi. 

 .'\corn cup sliallow; nut broadly oblong, rounded at tlie apex. 



Tree or rarely shrubby; winter buds grayish and densely villous-tomentose, 8-12 mm. long. 



5. Q. garryana. 

 Shrub; winter buds brown, puberulent becoming glabrate, 3-5 mm. long. 



6. Q. brezveri. 

 Leaves blue-green above, merely wavv-margined or sometimes toothed; bark finely checked. 



7. Q. douglasn. 



