518 



FAGACEAE 



3. Quercus agrifolia Nee. Encina or California 

 Live Oak. Fig. 1254. 



Quercus agrifolia Nee, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 271. 1801. 

 Quercus oxyadenia Torr. Sitg. Rep. 172. pi. 17. 1853. 

 Quercus acroglandis Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1 : 25. 1855. 



Tree 10-25 m. high, with a short trunk 1-1.5 m. or rarely 2.5 m. 

 in diameter, and a low dense rounded head sometimes 50 m. across ; 

 bark smooth, becoming divided into broad ridges, checking into 

 plates on old trunks. Leaves evergreen but falling as the new 

 leaves appear in the spring, oval to oblong, usually 25-50 m. long, 

 rounded or acute at the apex, rounded at the base, convex, finely 

 spiny-toothed, becoming firm-coriaceous, dull green above, paler 

 beneath, usually with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins, acorns 

 maturing the first autumn, sessile or nearly so; nut slender, 

 pointed, 25-35 mm. long, the shell densely tomentose within ; cup 

 shallow or sometimes deeper, silky-pubescent within, its scales 

 thin, rounded at the apex, puberulcnt especially toward the base of 

 the cup. 



Mountain slopes, foothill canons and well-watered valleys of the Upper 

 Sonoran and Transition Zones. Mendocino County, California, south- 

 ward through the Coast Ranges to .San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower Cali- 

 fornia. Tyiie locality: Monterey, California. 



4. Quercus lobata Nee. Rol^le or California White Oak. Fig. 1255. 



Q}icrcus lobata Nee, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 277. 1801. 

 Quercus hiiidsii B'enth. ])ot. Sulph. 55. 1844. 



A Stately tree and the largest of all the American 

 oaks, often 3S m. high, with a trunk up to 4 m. in 

 diameter, divided 5-10 m. above the ground into great 

 spreading branches ; young twigs silky pubescent, be- 

 coming gray and glabrous the second year ; bark 6-8 

 cm. thick or less, divided into broad ridges by longi- 

 tudinal fissures and covered by loosely appressed 

 light gray scales. Leaves deciduous, oblong to obovate, 

 5-10 cm." long, deeply divided into 3-5 pairs of obtuse 

 lobes, dark yellow-green and stellate pubescent above, 

 pale and pubescent below, yellow-veined ; petioles 

 stout, hirsute, 6-12 min. long: acorns maturing the 

 first autumn ; nut conical, pointed, 3-5 cm. long ; cup 

 usually enclosing about Ys the nut ; upper scales 

 elongated into ciliate free tips, the lower much thick- 

 ened into prominent wart-like processes. 



Rich loam soils of the valleys and foothills, Upper Sonoran 

 Zone; extending from the head of Sacramento Valley south- 

 ward through the Great Valley, its surrounding foothills and 

 the valleys and foothills between the inner and outer Coast 

 Ranges to Alhambra, Los Angeles County. An especially 

 large handsome tree on the Bidwell Ranch at Chico has been 

 named in honor of the noted English botanist, Sir Joseph 

 Dalton Hooker. Another in Priests Valley, San Benito 

 County, is the largest of all known oaks, 36 feet 7 inches in 

 circumference. 



5. Quercus garryana Dougl. Garry's or Oregon Oak. 



Fig. 1256. 



Quercus garryana Dougl.: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839. 

 Quercus ocrstediaua R. Br. Campst. .'\nn. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 7 : 

 250. 1871. 



A tree, commonly 15-20 m. occasionally 35 m. high, with a 

 trunk 0.5-1 m. in diameter, and stout spreading branches form- 

 ing a broad rounded compact head; young twigs rufous 

 pubescent, becoming glabrous and reddish brown the second 

 year ; bark 25 mm. thick or less, shallowly divided into broad 

 ridges and covejed by grayish scales. Leaves obovate to 

 oblong, 10-15 cm. long, coarsely pinnatifid, at maturity sub- 

 coriaceous, dark green shining and glabrous above, pale green 

 or yellowish pubescent below; petioles pubescent, 15-25 mm. 

 long; nut oval, obtuse, 25-30 mm. long; cup shallow or 

 slightly turbinate, puberulent within, its scales ovate, acute, 

 usually thickened toward the base and more or less united, 

 pubescent or tomentose. 



Upper Sonoran and mainly Humid Transition Zonts; Lower Frazer 

 River and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, southward through 

 western Washington, Oregon and the Coast Ranges of California to 

 Marin County. It is the only oak north of the Columbia River. Type 

 locality: "on the plains near Fort Vancouver," along the Columbia River. 



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