ELM FAMILY 



523 



Family 30. ULMACEAE. 



Elm Family. 



Trees with watery juice, terete branchlets arising from an upper lateral scaly 

 bud. Leaves alternate, simple, serrate, deciduous, petioled and 2-raaked, olilique 

 at the base ; stipules caducous. Flowers perfect, polygamous or monoecious, clus- 

 tered or the pistillate solitary. Calyx 4-9-parted or lobed. Stamens 4-6; styles 

 2; ovary usually 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule. Fruit a samara, nut or 

 drupe ; seed with little or no endosperm. 



A family of thirteen genera widely distributed over the temperate and tropical regions. Several species 

 of Ulmus (elm) are frequently planted in the Pacific States, and in some localities have become more or 

 L-ss established by seeding or suckering. 



1. CELTIS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 1043. 1753. 



Trees with thin smooth bark, serrate or entire leaves and usually scarious stipules. Flowers 

 monoecious or polygamo-monoecious, appearing with the leaves on branches of the season, 

 minute, pedicellate; the staminate cymose or fascicled, the pistillate solitary or in few- 

 flowered clusters in the axils of the upper leaves. Calyx deeply 4-5-lobed, greenish yellow, 

 deciduous. Ovary ovoid, with a short sessile style. Fruit a drupe with a thick-walled smooth 

 or rugose nutlet. [Ancient Latin name.] 



About 60 species widely distributed over the temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. Type 

 species, Celtis australis L. 



1. Celtis douglasii Planch. 



Douglas's Hackberry. Fig. 1269. 



Celtis doiigliisii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIL 

 293. 1848. 



10: 



Shrub or small tree 2-3.5 tn. high, 

 with rough grayish brown bark and 

 glabrous or puberulent branchlets. 

 Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute 

 or acuminate, 10 cm. long or less, serrate 

 to nearly or quite entire, rough above, 

 strongly netted-veined beneath; petioles 

 mostly not over 6-8 mm. long, pubes- 

 cent; pedicels well exceeding the petioles, 

 pubescent ; fruit globose, about 8 mm. in 

 diameter, dark brown when mature. 



Cation floors and bottom lands along 

 streams, Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Wash- 

 ington and Oregon to Utah, also Kern and 

 San Diego Counties, California. Type local- 

 ity: "the arid interior region, along the Co- 

 lumbia River." 



Family 31. URTICACEAE. 



Nettle Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs (some tropical species trees or shrubs), with alter- 

 nate or opposite, mostly stipulate leaves. Flowers small, greenish, dioecious, monoe- 

 cious or polvgamous. in cvmose racemes or fascicles. Calyx 2-5-cleft or of separate 

 sepals. Petals none. Stamens as many as calyx-lobes or sepals and opposite them, 

 the filaments inflexed. Ovary superior, 1-celled; style simple with a capitate or 

 filiform stigma; ovule solitary, erect or ascending, orthotropous. Fruit an achene. 

 Endosperm oily, usually not copious ; embryo straight. 



About 40 genera and 550 species of wide geographic range. 



Herbs with stinging hairs; leaves opposite, stipulate. , • i • ,1,.. ,^v,»r./. 



Calyx deeply 4-parted, the inner much the longer in the pistillate flower and inclosing the acnene. 



Calyx 4-parted in the .staminate flower, tubular and 2-4-toothed in the pistillate. 2. Hespcrociiide. 

 Herbs without stinging hairs; leaves alternate, without stipules. 3. ranctaiia. 



