I. INTRODUCTION. 



1. The scope of Biology. 



2. The origin of the Science of Biology. 



(See Huxley. Lecture on the Study of Biology, American Ad- 

 dresses, or Collected Essays, Vol. 3, pp. 262-293.) 



Natural history and civil history, Bacon (1561- 

 1626), and HoBBES (i 588-1679). 



Natural philosophy and natural history, Buffon 

 (i 707-1 778) and LiNN^us (i 707-1 788). 



Physical sciences and physiological sciences, Bichat, 

 (Anatomic Generale, 1801). 



Biologic, Lamarck (i8oi). 



Biologic, Treviranus (1802). 



3. Our object, a philosophical review of Biology as a whole. 



II. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING MATTER. 



(See Hatschek, Zoologie pp. i-ii; Sedgwick and Wilson, General 

 Biology, pp. 1-6; Foster, Physiology, Introduction last edition; Verworn, 

 Allegemeine Physiologic, 1895, Trans, by Lee; Howell, American Text- 

 book of Physiology, Introduction, 1896.) 



Chemical composition. 



Assimilation, growth and reproduction. 



Contractility and irritability. 



The organic individual. 



Individuals grouped into species. 



