27 



The differentiation of the cell, a function of its 

 position. 



Comparison of organic development with devel- 

 opment of the state. 



VII. WHAT IS MEANT BY "SPECIES." 



(Jevons, The Principles of Science, pp. 698-734 ; Article Zoology in En- 

 cyclopaedia Britannica, 9th Ed. ; Carus, Geschichte der Zoologie, p. 434 et 

 seq.\ Wallace, Darwinism, pp. 1-2.) 



The discontinuity of living forms. 



Genus and Species in Logic. 



The terms used in this sense by the early naturahsts. 



Organic species defined by John Ray (1686). 



LlNN^US (1753). 



Best definition by de Condolle. 



SWAINSON. 



Variety, species, and genus contrasted. 

 Species the unite group. 

 The next problem. 



VIII. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES. 

 ( Phylogenesis) 



I. Special Creation vs. Organic Evolution. 

 i. Special Great io7i. 



(John Ray, The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of 

 the Creation ; John Ray, Three PhysicoTheological Dis- 

 courses; H.ECKEL, The History of Creation, Vol. i,pp- 37-71 ; 

 Bridgewater Treatises, Vol. i, pp. 17-55, ^"<^ Vol. 3, pp. 1-32 

 et set].; L. Agassiz, Essay on Classification, Contributions to 

 the Natural History of the United States, Vol. i, pp. 3-232; 

 The Duke of Argyle, The Reign of Law, pp. 20S-273.) 



Antiquity of the theory. Book of Genesis, i and ii. 



