CONTENTS. 



PAOE. 



I. Introduction 59 



I 1 . Description 60 



1. The skull as a whole 60 



Central stini 60 



Notochord 41 



2. Occipital region 61 



Occipitoparietal groove 62 



Processus ascendens 62 



Basioccipital cartilage 63 



Exoccipital cartilage 63 



Jugular tubercle 63 



Lamina alaris 63 



Paracondyloid process 64 



Supraoccipital cartilage 65 



Lateral occipital eminence 65 



( nsivntic ridge 65 



Occipital vertebra 66 



Foramen occipitale magnum 67 



Cervical vertebrae 67 



Type of cartilage 67 



3. Otic region 68 



Parietal plate 68 



Dorsal tecta 68 



Otic capsule 68 



Cranial surface 69 



Lateral surface 69 



Vestibular fenestra 70 



Perilymphatic fenestra 70 



Jugular foramen 70 



Suprafacial commissure 70 



Tegmen tympani 70 



Crista parotica 70 



Styloid process 71 



Facial nerve 71 



Mastoid process 71 



Spiral septum 71 



Internal acoustic meatus 72 



Vestibular ganglion 72 



Angular mass 72 



Cochlear space 73 



Vestibular space 73 



Semicircular canal spaces 73 



Membranous labyrinth 73 



Endolymphatic duct 73 



Stapes 73 



Incus 73 



Malleus 73 



Anterior process 74 



Auditory tube and tympanic cavity 74 



Type of cartilage 74 



4. Orbito-temporal region 74 



Ala hypochiasmatica 75 



Prechiasmatic commissures and foramina 75 



Interorbital 6eptum 76 



Alar process 76 



Alicochlear commissure 77 



Carotid foramen 77 



Temporal wing 77 



Evidences of beginning ossification ... 78 



PAGE. 



II. Description — continued. 



4. Orbito-temporal region — continued. 



Semilunar ganglion 78 



Medial pterygoid plate 78 



Orbital wing 79 



Optic foramen 79 



Spheno-ethmoidal cartilage 79 



Orbitonasal fissure 80 



Type of cartilage 80 



5. Ethmoidal region 80 



Mesethmoid 80 



Ventro-lateral process 80 



Mucous membrane 80 



Vomeronasal organ 80 



Paraseptal cartilages 80 



Ectethmoid - 81 



Posterior maxillary process 81 



Paranasal process 82 



Cupular process 82 



Interior 82 



Superior concha 82 



Superior meatus 82 



Middle concha 83 



Middle meatus 83 



Cartilage of the middle meatus. ... 83 



Inferior concha 83 



Inferior meatus 83 



Mucous membrane 83 



Nasolacrimal duct system 83 



Basal fissure 84 



Type of cartilage 84 



6. Cartilaginous branchial-arch skeleton 84 



Meckel's cartilage 84 



Stylo-hyoid arch 84 



Cartilage of Reichert 84 



Hyoid cartilage 84 



Thyroid cartilage 85 



Cricoid cartilage 85 



Arytenoid cartilages 86 



Tracheal rings 86 



7. Membrane bones 86 



Interparietal 86 



Parietal 86 



Frontal 86 



Maxilla 87 



Palate 89 



Sphenopalatine ganglion 90 



Medial pterygoid plate '.Ml 



Zygomatic 90 



Squama temporalis 90 



Goniale 91 



Tympanic bone 91 



Lacrimal 91 



Vomer 91 



Mandible 92 



III. Summary 95 



IV. Bibliography 98 



V. Explanations of figurea 99 



VI. Abbreviations 102 



58 



