FIELD T- 1 

 Column 57 



There might be some advantage to having symbols unique from Symbols 1 and 2 for distinguishing 

 in Field T- 1 that the action is one of altering a rate of a process rather than being one of alteration of 

 number, size, or degree; this would permit clarifying the situation when certain biological conditions 

 or processes are defined by Field T-2 terms which are somewhat ambiguous in this respect. For 

 example, Symbol 1 of Field T-l, when coded with Symbol 261 of Field T-2 (seed germination), may 

 indicate that the number of seeds germinated was increased or that the time (speed) of germination 

 was shortened; a unique Field T-l symbol for "increase of rate" would permit distinguishing the latter 

 effect on germination from the former effect. The CBCC has maintained the single symbol meaning 

 both "increase" and "accelerate", as well as the single symbol meaning both "decrease" and "slow", 

 because the symbols were so defined in the early editions of the Code and, after a given date, the 

 extensiveness of past use of each symbol with both meanings made impractical changing their defini- 

 tions. For a new coding program, separate code symbols could be provided in Field T- 1 for increase 

 and accelerate, as well as for decrease and slow; the alternative to this would be to distinguish by 

 separate definitions in Field T-2 quantitative change and change in rate when a single process may be 

 affected by the test compound in either way. In the example given, this might be done by assigning 

 Symbols 2611 and 2612 to those distinguishing terms, germination time and percentage germination. 



7. Use of Symbols 1 and 2 when Field E is coded with a pathology and Field T-2 is coded with 

 a symptom of that pathology and when the Field T-2 code symbol IDENTIFIES the state 

 or process as being a pathological state or process 



Many of the items of Field T-2 represent pathological states or pathological processes which 

 test compounds may " produce " (Symbol 7 of Field T-l). Pathological situations are often complex, 

 however, and frequently it is only a symptom (of a total disease coded in Field E) which is specifically 

 treated or specifically responds to the test compound. In this case, the CBCC codes in Field T-2 a 

 pathological state which represents the treated or responding symptom of the infectious or non- infectious 

 disease coded in Field E. 



Examination of the items of Field T-2 will reveal that many are defined so that the pathological 

 aspect is clear. Examples of these are toxic symptoms (Symbol series 1 13-), abnormal morphologic 

 changes (Symbol series 411-), histolysis (273), circulatory disturbances (Symbol series 87--), 

 anemia (853), ventricular tachycardia (C122), etc. 



Other items of Field T-2 are defined as normal biological qualities, states, or processes 

 that can be affected (i. e. , their definitions indicate no abnormality of these states or processes): 

 e.g., number of fruits (191), nuclear shape (226), regeneration (272), aging (2C), venous pressure 

 (8213), blood cell number (851), cardiac rate (CI), etc. Although none of these latter Field T-2 

 definitions include the word "normal", it is nevertheless implied. 



If the pathological symptom treated with the test compound is one of those of the first type 

 described above (Symbols 113-, 41 1-, etc. ), the effect of the test compound is properly coded with 

 Symbols 1 or 2 (or Symbol 3, if the condition is abolished or prevented). 



However, if the symptom is a pathological variation of one of those normal states or processes 

 described above as the second type of Field T-2 items (Symbols 191, 226, etc. ), Symbols 1 and 2 must 

 not be used, because they provide no indication that the test compound action coded in Field T-l is 

 not an increase or decrease from the normal level rather than from an abnormal level. Special Field T-l 

 items have been introduced which designate that the normal state or process in Field T-2 had been 

 altered by pathology and that the test compound was administered to treat that altered Field T-2 state 

 or process. These Field T- 1 symbols are J, K, L, M, N, 0, P, Q, and R. Symbol J, for example, is 

 used for indicating that the normal state or process coded in Field T-2 had been diminished by the 

 pathology coded in Field E and that the test compound had been administered to increase or speed the 

 diminished state or process to bring it back to a normal level (i. e. , cure the diseased organism). Sym- 

 bol K is used for the situation reversed from that for which Symbol J is used and Symbol L is used when 

 the normal state or process has been affected by the pathology and the test compound has been adminis- 

 tered to restore the normal level by some action other than increase or decrease. Symbols J, K, and L, 

 which code a cure of the diseased organism, are used instead of Symbol 3. Symbols M, N, and are 

 used to indicate improvement, but not a cure, of the organism and are analogous to Symbol 2. Symbols 

 P, Q, and R code exacerbation of the disease and are used instead of Symbol 1. 



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