FIELD T-l 

 Column 57 



Similarly, the two Field T-2 items, general behavior of the individual or group (Symbols 55 and 

 56), can not be affected by test compounds in a way that can be described adequately as simply as 

 "increased" or "decreased" or "stopped". Effects on behavior are complex and could only be coded 

 by devising items for Field T-2 for those specific behaviors altered. Symbol 6 of Field T-l is used 

 with Field T-2 Symbols 55 and 56 merely to record that behavior has been made "irregular". 



1 1. Symbol 7; induction or initiation of a biological state or physiological process coded in 



Field T-2; Symbol 7 is used when coding alteration, synthesis, or metabolic fate of the test 

 compound or induction or initiation of alteration, synthesis, or metabolic fate of a secondary 

 compound 



Division 7 has pointed out that Field T-2 includes biological states, factors, or physiological 

 processes of two general categories, the first being those that are normal (though they may be made 

 abnormal), of which the following are examples: size of fruit, Symbol 191; hatching, Symbol 2E; 

 appetite, Symbol F32; blood pressure, Symbol 821; fragility of blood cells, Symbol 874; clotting time, 

 Symbol 87 32; and breathing rate, Symbol B13. The second category includes those that specifically 

 represent pathological states or processes, of which the following are examples: death, Symbol 11, 

 112, or 113; toxicity symptoms other than death, Symbol series 113- through 116-; morphological 

 changes, Symbol series 41--; anemia, Symbol 853; edema, Symbol 872; hyperpnea, Symbol B17; and 

 A-V block, Symbol C136. 



With the former terms, which indicate normal states and processes, it is inappropriate to use 

 Symbol 7, even if the process is discontinuous and the test compound influences it to occur at a time 

 other than when it would normally occur (such as inducing "hatching" or "appetite" before they would 

 normally occur). In other words, a test compound can be considered as increasing or decreasing 

 appetite or speeding or retarding hatching, for example, but not as causing these normally occurring 

 processes. (An exception might be the induction of a process which is normal in some organisms but 

 happens to be unusual or does not occur in the particular test organism. For example, flowering might 

 be induced in a plant species or variety which ordinarily seldom or never produces flowers but repro- 

 duces only vegetatively; the induction of flowering on such a plant by a test compound might reasonably 

 be coded by Symbol 7 of Field T- 1 . ) It is possibly more easy to discern the inappropriateness of using 

 Symbol 7 with terms such as size of fruit, blood pressure, clotting time; these are not "caused" but 

 are only "affected" (increased, decreased, or stopped) by test compounds. Even if these normal 

 conditions and processes have been made abnormal by a pathology (i. e. , if that normal condition or 

 process coded in Field T-2 is understood to have been rendered abnormal and is a symptom of a more 

 general disease, because Field E is coded with a pathology symbol), Symbol 7 would never be appro- 

 priate; in other words, if a normal process has been stopped as a result of the pathology coded in 

 Field E, Symbol 7 should never be used to indicate that the test compound initiated the process again; 

 this is done only by Symbol L or of Field T-l. 



It is with the second category of Field T-2 items (those whose definitions identify them as 

 definite pathological states or processes) that Symbol 7 is properly used, but only when Field E 

 is not coded with a pathology. Even under the condition of the test organism being in another, 

 pre-existing pathological state, and even if the test compound had been administered with the intent 

 to treat the pre-existing pathology, the pre-existing state would not be coded in Field E in the code 

 line recording the test compound's action in producing (Symbol 7) a second pathology. Instead, the 

 test organism would be coded in Field E and Field G would record the organism's being in an unspec- 

 ified pathological state. Thus, if Field E is coded with a pathology of a host in Field J, any patho- 

 logical aspect coded in Field T-2 must have been caused by that pathology in Field E; it can only be 

 corrected or exacerbated by the test compound, the correction or exacerbation being indicated by 

 Symbol 1, 2, or 3 in Field T-l, never by Symbol 7. Therefore, in general (see exceptions described 

 below), Symbol 7 is used only to code the test compound's causing a pathological state which can 

 be coded in Field T-2 with a symbol whose definition is explicitly of a pathological nature (i. e. , a 

 Field T-2 item of the second category described above); the pathological state will be coded as having 

 been caused in a test organism coded in Field E. 



Exceptions to the restrictions in use of Symbol 7 as just described (for causing a pathological 

 state or process defined precisely as pathology by the symbol in Field T-2 and with Field E coded 

 with the test organism) are described below, involving Field T-2 symbols of the following series: 

 16--, 17--, FE--, FF--, F6--, F8--, F9--, FA--, FB--, FC--, FG--, FH--, and FI--. 



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