FIELD T- 1 

 Column 57 



The following example illustrates the coding for the data of the type just described. 



Indole and skatole have an additive effect in inhibiting contraction caused by acetylcholine. 

 (No other information is given. ) Selecting one ( indole ) of the two compounds (indole and 

 skatole) as the test compound, the coding is as follows: 



__D T-l T-2 X Y 



Skatole C 813 01 



In the language portion of Fields T-l and T-2 of the line above, write, "Additive with skatole 

 in antagonizing muscle contraction caused by acetylcholine; see the line below. " 



A second line for that compound selected as the test compound (indole) would be constructed 

 on the same Code Sheet, in the following pattern: 



D T-l T-2 X Y 



Acetylcholine 9 813 01 



In the language portion of Field T-2 of the second line above, the following should be written: 

 "Muscle contraction caused by acetylcholine; when administered with skatole, this activity 

 for the two compounds is additive; see the line above. " 



(In addition to the two lines coded above for these data, a second Code Sheet is prepared 

 especially for skatole to code a line identical to line 02 above. A second line on this 

 second Sheet for the "additive effect" with indole will not be coded. The CBCC probably 

 would find unnecessary preparing a third Code Sheet to code acetylcholine's action, "causes" 

 [Symbol 7], on muscle contraction. ) 



Occasionally, evaluation of a synergistic or antagonistic action is made on the basis of 

 comparison with a standard compound (Criterion 03 or 04 of Field X), resulting in competition for the 

 use of Field D to code the antagonized or synergized compound as well as the standard compound to 

 which comparison is made. This is resolved by coding two lines, both with Symbol 8 or 9 coded in 

 Field T-l but with Field D coded differently; in one line, Field D is coded with the compound 

 synergized or antagonized and evaluation is based on Criterion 01 only; in the second line, Field D 

 is coded with the standard compound, Symbol * (the IBM 12 zone punch) is coded in Column 17 of 

 Field D, and Field X is coded with Criterion 03 or 04. (See the specific directions and explanations 

 for Field D, Division 11, Conflict B. ) 



13. Coding of the test compound's being essential for (permitting or initiating) the action of the 

 secondary compound 



The situation in which a compound shows no biological activity until it is administered with 

 another compound is closely related to the situation in which the first compound does show biological 

 activity when administered alone but is synergized by the compound administered with it to produce a 

 much greater intensity of biological response. The CBCC uses Symbol 8 to code both situations. 



When a test compound has been demonstrated to be essential for (permit or initate) the 

 alteration, synthesis, or metabolism of a secondary compound, Symbol 7 is used as explained in 

 Division 1 1. 



14. Symbol A; coding of the test compound's simulation of, or substitution for (replacement of) , 

 a second compound coded in Field D 



Two compounds may affect a biological state or physiological process in a nearly identical 

 fashion, even though their potencies for producing this effect may differ; in this respect, each can 

 be considered as simulating the other. Ultimately, using this basic concept, all compounds shown 

 to affect a given biological state or physiological process (e. g. , heart rate or smooth muscle con- 

 traction) in the same way (e. g. , all compounds that increase h eart rate or all compounds that cause 

 smooth muscle contraction) might be said to simulate each other with respect to this biological re- 

 sponse. Most frequently, however, it is a relatively unknown or untried chemical that is described 



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