FIELD T-2 

 Columns 58, 59, 60, and 61 



The effect of the test compound on a general disease coded in Field E is expressed in Fields T-l 

 and T-2. For example: the test compound "causes" (Field T-l) "relief" (Field T-2), "causes cure", 

 "causes exacerbation", "causes prevention", etc. Division 6 discusses this terminology which may 

 seem to be a redundancy, since these particular effects might be adequately expressed in English by 

 a single word, a verb, (the test compound "relieves", "cures", "exacerbates", "prevents", etc. ). 



Symbols of the 17-- series are used only for coding chemical effects in relieving in some degree 

 the diseased organism (coded as the host in Field J) or for coding prevention of the disease by the test 

 compound (not for chemical action on any other preventive m^sure such as antitoxin, vaccine, etc. ). 

 Symbols of the 16-- series are used only for coding chemical effects in intensifying (exacerbating) the 

 disease. 



The CBCC has placed one arbitrary restriction on the use of symbols of the 16-- and 17-- 

 series. Effects of the test compound on infestations by any arthropod are never to be coded by these 

 symbols, except in the rare instance when the arthropod dwells internally in the host as a parasite 

 and treatment must be given to the host similar to treatments of infectious pathologies. This essentially 

 keeps the coding of effects on all arthropods acting as infesting organisms restricted to Symbols 11, 



111, 112, and symbols of the 13-- series. Note that this does not mean that chemical actions on 

 diseases affecting arthropods is not coded by symbols of the 16-- and 17-- series; it is only the effects 

 on infestations by arthropods that are not coded by these symbols. 



Since symbols of the 16-- and 17-- series are used only for coding effects on pathologies, it 

 follows that the symbols are used only when the host in Field J is a living diseased organism. Coding 

 errors occasionally occur due to attempting to use these symbols for indicating the effect on a micro- 

 organism (particularly in the case of pathogenic microorganisms) when it is on a non-living "host" such 

 as a non-living culture medium or on a non-living substrate other than a special culture medium. For 

 effects on microorganisms on non-living hosts, symbols of the 16-- and 17-- series are never used, 

 but only symbols of the 18-- series. (With symbols of the 18-- series, the action of the test compound 

 is indicated, according to the usual coding pattern, in Field T-l. ) 



The coding of "death" caused by the test compound or secondary compound is discussed in 

 Divisions 3, 4, 5, and 14. In these divisions, it is explained that death is coded by Symbols 11, 111, 



112, and 1812 (Symbol 1812 being exclusively for death of microorganisms when on a non-living host). 

 Symbols of the 13-- series are used to code a reduction of an infestation (restricted to arthropods) of 

 a living host and although this reduction may involve death, the symbols are defined only in terms of 

 reduction, without specifying whether it is the result of killing or repelling the infesting arthropod. 



Of the situations in which death may be the test compound's effect, there remains (after the 

 provisions afforded by Symbols 11, 111, 112, 1812, 131, and 132) the situation in which the test 

 organism killed is a pathogenic microorganism or a parasite on its host . Death to these organisms 

 under these circumstances is always coded by Symbol 171 or 1711, even though the symbols are not 

 defined to specify that death is the cause of the reduction. (The probabilities are greater that reduction 

 of the number of pathogens or parasites on a living host is a matter of their being killed than that 

 reduction of the arthropod infestation of a living host [Symbols 131 and 132] is due to death. ) 



Because the definitions of Field T-2 symbols that are appropriate for effects on most pathologies 

 are not also exactly applicable to or adequate for expressing effects on tumors, the CBCC has desig- 

 nated a special series of symbols for coding effects on tumors (Symbols 43 through 47, indicating 



association with biological states involving abnormal growth, Symbol series 4 ). Therefore, when 



a tumor is coded in Field E, symbols of the 16-- and 17-- series are never used. 



The expressions, "prevention of death due to a disease" and "survival of a disease", imply 

 that death must be a typical or inevitable result of the particular pathology when untreated, otherwise 

 administration would not be made with the objective of avoiding death. Exacerbative and ameliorative 

 effects on pathologies which characteristically cause death when untreated are coded by distinct 

 symbols, 1621, 1631, 1753, and 1754, when the results of the test are expressed in terms of an effect 

 on the death (hastening or delaying death or increasing or decreasing the incidence of death). 



No coding provision is made in Fields T-l and T-2 for the expression " prevention of death (due 

 to the disease in Field E)". The CBCC prefers Interpreting this to mean that the diseased condition has 



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