FIELD T-2 

 Columns 58, 59, 60, and 61 



Resistance (tolerance, refractoriness, lack of sensitivity) can also be developed to specific 

 pathological organisms and the concept can be extended to tumors and non-infectious diseases . 

 Possibly this resistance to pathology is actually always a chemical phenomenon in the final analysis, 

 but the specific chemical stimulant of antibody production is unidentified except by the name of the 

 associated pathology. 



One possible use for symbols of the 5C-- series would occur when an extract (vaccine) had 

 been prepared from the pathogen and injected. Such an extract might be given a CBCC chemical serial 

 number (a series of natural preparations of unspecified chemical nature have been given CBCC chemical 

 serial numbers). While the effect of such vaccines (as test compounds) would probably never be se- 

 lected for coding by the CBCC (Symbol 5C with Symbol 7 in Field T- 1 ), the effect of a test compound 

 on the vaccine (coded in Field D as a secondary compound) might be selected for coding. A test 

 compound might conceivably affect actively acquired resistance due to exposure to the pathology or 

 affect natural resistance to the pathology. It is not impossible, however, that specific compounds 

 with known structure might be tested specifically for their ability to induce resistance to tumors, 

 pathogens, or non- infectious pathologies (Symbol 5C with Symbol 7 in Field T- 1 ). 



22. Symbols of series 7 ; coding of effects of test compounds on the actions of enzymes ; 



omission of coding the altered substrate, when an enzyme is identified in Field T-2; the 

 Enzyme Code of Field T-2 



Enzymes act as catalysts in biological organisms (biological systems) in regulating metabolic 

 activities. When a test compound affects, or is tested to affect, the normal activity of an enzyme, the 

 enzyme is essentially the secondary compound of the situation. However, the CBCC coding procedure 

 has treated enzymes in a way quite different from the usual treatment afforded secondary compounds. 

 The usual procedure involves coding any secondary compound in Field D and, in Field T-2, the biological 

 process affected by the secondary compound. However, in the case of the activity of any enzyme, the 

 enzyme is not identified in Field D, but in Field T-2 . 



By using Field T-2 to indicate the identity of a specific enzyme, there remains no field to code 

 the specific process affected by or caused by the enzyme. This, however, is not considered to be a 

 serious problem in the case of enzymes. The enzyme nomenclature is built on the functional aspect. 



(Examine the Enzyme Code, appended at the end of the Field T-2 symbols, following the F series. ) 



Thus, the enzyme itself indicates the metabolic process. 



Attention is called to the items of Field T-2 defined as chemical alteration and coded by symbols 

 of series FE--. When a test compound affects the alteration of a secondary compound in the biological 

 organism, the alteration is coded by the appropriate symbol of the FE-- series (with Symbol *, the IBM 

 12 zone punch, in Column 61) and the compound altered is coded in Field D. Actually, such an altera- 

 tion which the test compound affects is brought about or controlled by a metabolic enzyme and the 

 effect of the test compound is ordinarily an effect on that enzyme or enzyme system. The CBCC does 

 not translate the alteration into terms of a general enzyme and code Field T-2 with such an enzyme type; 

 instead, it codes only the alteration. Only when the author indicates that the test has actually demon- 

 strated specifically that the action of a given enzyme (named by the author) has been affected does the 

 CBCC code Field T-2 with the enzyme. 



If any disadvantage exists in the pattern whereby Field T-2 is used to code an enzyme rather 

 than the process caused by the enzyme, it is that, in retrieval of information on an alteration of any 

 of certain secondary compounds (any of the substrates which an enzyme might affect) affected by the 

 test compound, the search in Field T-2 must include not only the symbol for the specific alteration 



(one of the FE-- series), but also all the enzymes (of the 7 series) known to cause that alteration. 



While this has not proved an inconvenience of serious proportions to the CBCC, it is suggested that a 

 preferred procedure might involve coding in Field T-2 the alteration in any case (even when the enzyme 

 is named by the author as being affected in its catalytic alteration of a biological compound), coding 

 the secondary compound altered (i.e. , the substrate altered by the enzyme) in Field D, and devising 

 a new coding field for coding the identity of the enzyme involved. 



When Field T-2 is coded with an enzyme (a symbol of the 7 series), the chemical altered 



by the enzyme is not coded in Field D. (See the last paragraph of Division 7, Specific Directions and 

 Explanations of Field D. ) This CBCC rule was devised because, as pointed out above, the chemical 



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