FIELDS W, X, and Y 



Columns 68; 69 and 



70; and 71 



The effectiveness of the test compound (Field Y) in some data (those measuring the speed of 

 response, such as the time to a specific action other than death and those coding killing time) represents 

 the reverse of the time value by which the response was measured; the greater the speed (i. e. , the 

 shorter the time), the greater is the degree of response. Therefore, a special field (Field U) was 

 established for recording the actual time measured in the test, the evaluation of that time value being 

 given interpretation in Field Y, according to whether evaluation is based on the time value or on the 

 reciprocal of the time value. 



Each of the four time values (i. e. , Criteria 10, 11, 12, and 13) on which are based Field Y 

 evaluation ratings is discussed thoroughly in the section on Specific Directions and Explanations for 

 Field U and reference should be made to that section. 



From the preceding, it should be understood that the scale used for Field Y symbols rating the 

 response intensity, is actually the Field U scale, with the exception that it becomes reversed in the 

 case of Criterion 1 or 11: 



Criteria 10 and 11: Criteria 12 and 13: 



Field U and Field Y 

 (identical scale) 



1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 

 7 

 8 

 9 



The reversal of scales for Criteria 10 and 11 is due to the fact that a short time to the beginning of a 

 specific response other than death or a short killing time is indicative of a high activity rating for the 

 test compound and vice versa. 



If it is observed that the scale of symbols for Field Y is identical to the scale of symbols for 

 Field U (even if the values are reversed as in the case of Criterion 10 or 11), it will be observed also 

 that the Field Y scale for Criteria 10, 11, 12, and 13 is not fixed in the same way as the scale is fixed 

 for rating responses by percentage values (Criterion 62), for example. Instead, the Field Y scale shifts 

 according to whichever of the several Field U scales is used. In the discussion of Field U (and Field P), 

 the coder's choice of a scale for coding in Field U (and Field P) is explained; in essence, this choice 

 is largely a matter of elimination, i. e. , dismissing from use any scales on which the time value to be 

 coded would be coded with least meaning. (For example, time periods of 2, 2-1/2, and 3 hours would 

 scarcely be meaningful if coded by Scale 1, 2, or 3 of Field U, nor would 1, 2, 3, and 6 minutes be 

 meaningful if coded by Scale 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 of Field U. ) Actually, an examination of the scales of 

 Field U will reveal that they represent a sequence of expanding time periods; i. e. , each succeeding 

 scale covers a greater expanse of time and the ranges within that scale are correspondingly expanded 

 over the ranges of the preceding scale. As illustrated by the examples above, these specific responses 

 (other than death) involving brief time periods can be coded significantly only by using a scale whose 

 ranges are narrow enough to show appropriate discrimination between responses. On the other hand, 

 there are specific responses other than death which involve comparatively long periods and these can 

 be coded significantly only by using a scale covering such large expanses of time. Thus, Field U 

 scales provide an automatic accommodation to the general size of the time period or periods involved; 

 to the extent that this size of the time period is typical of certain specific responses other than death, 

 Field U can be said to accommodate to the specific response coded in Field T (or to accommodate to 

 the "biological field of study"). In turn, to the extent that Field U permits this accommodation by its 

 scales, Field Y will also reflect the accommodation, by the fact that whatever scale is used in Field U 

 becomes the scale for evaluation of Field Y. Note that the choice of scales in Field U can not be 

 always exact and consistent; adjacent scales are not so different that one might not frequently be used 

 as well as the other. (For example, the time value, 2 days, might be coded by any of scales 6, 7, or 

 8, according to whichever seems best in the light of what is known about the specific response or the 



187 



