THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



ing pupae with their heads turned from the opening. Pupation occurs 

 after the middle of April, and the perfected beetle will be found in the 

 limbs about the first of May, though few of them emerge till the time 

 stated at the beginning of this paper. 



The above is the result of three years careful observation of the habits 

 of this beetle, and imperfect as the history is, the amount of time and 

 labor expended in developing it can only be understood by those who 

 have attempted similar things. How widely this beetle is distributed is 

 uncertain, as till recently its habitat was unknown. The typical insects 

 were taken in Ohio ; it is in Mr. Reinecke's Buffalo Catalogue, and occurs 

 at Hamilton, Ontario (Moffat). Any one can readily ascertain whether it 

 occurs in his fauna by examining the limbs of the Crataegus for the un- 

 mistakable swellings it occasions. 



Saperda concolor Lee. appears about the same time as 6". Fayi, and 

 like it, is short lived, few individuals occurring after the middle of June. 

 Its larvae infest the canes of a small willow growing along water courses 

 and in swampy places — Salix longifolia. The smaller canes are usually 

 selected for breeding purposes, these varying from one fourth to three 

 fourths of an inch in diameter. The beetle makes a longitudinal incision 

 through the bark with her jaws about three fourths of an inch in length- 

 and in each end deposits an egg. Usually several incisions are made in 

 the same cane some distance apart, which often cause its death the fol- 

 lowing year. The young larvae follow the same course as those of ,5". 

 Fayi. only they burrow deeper into the wood, and there are no super- 

 numeraries, as there is no need for them, the wood of the willow dying 

 much more quickly than that of Crataegus, and a warty, gnarly swelling 

 occurring around each incisure. 



The beetle, however, does not always select the smaller canes, some- 

 times choosing ones from one and one half to two inches thick, in which 

 case the larvae pursue a different course, for instead of boring up and 

 down, they take a transverse direction and girdle the stem one third to 

 one half its circumference, causing a rough annular swelling and frequently 

 the death of the cane. Two years is the time usually required to com- 

 plete the transformation, but some individuals probably pass through all 

 the stages in a single year. The head of the pupa is toward the opening, 

 from which the perfect insect emerges. The willow named seems to be 

 the natural food-tree of the larvae of S. concolor, and, did it confine itself 



