118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Thus the pupa of a species of Cirrochroa is represented as hanging by its- 

 hinder end. as in all Nymphalidae, but bent so at the end of the abdomen, 

 as to lie parallel to the horizontal branch from which it is suspended, 

 much in the way that we find it in our own species of Chlorippe ; but 

 there is no appearence in the figure and no mention in the text of any 

 greatly elongated cremaster with its row of hooklets down the side, which 

 in Chlorippe stiffens the pupa into what would seem to be an unnatural 

 position. We have some interesting additions to our scanty knowledge of 

 the early stages of the Lemoniinae and an unusual wealth of larvae and 

 pupae of Lycaeninae. Here again is a figure of a species of Spalgis hang- 

 ing by its tail without the median girt, which is wholly anomalous in this 

 subfamily, but, as there is no explanation of the matter in the text, it is to 

 be presumed that it is not meant to represent the insect in its natural 

 position, the more so as the same is the case in a species of Appias, one 

 of the Pierinae, represented in two figures as hanging by its tail only, 

 while the whole structure of the chrysalis indicates that it must have had 

 a median girt. Very interesting are the figures of the early stages of the 

 Papilioninas, which add very considerably to our knowledge, including as 

 they do some figures of the younger stages of the larva — presumably 

 younger from their appendages, though here again no mention whatever 

 is made of the fact in the text. We call attention also to the interesting 

 figure of Gangara, a hesperian living open and unconcealed, as I am in- 

 formed by Mr. De Nice'ville, and which bears long waxy filaments appar- 

 ently riot proper appendages, but as iong as the width of the body itself, 

 rendering it an exceedingly conspicuous object. 



In the arrangement of families, Mr. Moore follows the rapidly growing 

 company of the best instructed entomologists in beginning the series with 

 the Nymphalidae and placing the Papilionidae just before the Hesperidae. 

 He separates the Lemoniinae from the Lycaeninae as a distinct family, and 

 places the Libytheime with the Lemoniinae as was done by Bates ; but he 

 brings the Pierinae and the Papilioninae under one family heading. It has 

 naturally pleased the present writer to see that Mr. Moore has had the 

 courage of his convictions sufficiently to subdivide the old and bulky 

 group so long holding rank as a homogeneous whole, the so-called genus 

 Papilio, into a number of genera, including among the seventeen species 

 which he catalogues no less than ten genera, following thus precisely the 

 line which Hubner long ago undertook to establish, and which I adopted 

 in 1872. Samuel H. Scudder. 



