126 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA 



the Na-monochloracetate. After a sufficient time 

 the whole quantity of NaOH is bound, and if we 

 then add the remaining 0-5 cc. of monochloracetic 

 acid, the mixture has haemolytic properties. This 

 is precisely the Danysz effect. 



Madsen and Walbum made a very large number 

 of experiments on the Danysz effect with tetanolysin. 

 We are here concerned with the difference, often 

 very small, in toxicity between the two mixtures, and 

 owing to the difficulties of the experiments it was 

 necessary to repeat every observation many times 

 and take the mean values to be certain of the 

 validity of the observations. For this purpose 

 thousands of observations were necessary. At 37° C. 

 about eight hours were necessary for reaching the 

 end-value. The process was monomolecular and 

 increased in the proportion i-86 : 1 in an interval of 

 io° C, corresponding to a value of p= 11 300. 



It is quite clear that if we do not add more NaOH 

 to the first fraction than is necessary for neutralizing 

 the monochloracetic acid, the effect will be zero. 

 Subsequently the effect will increase proportionally 

 to the excess of NaOH over the neutralizing 

 quantity till double the neutralizing quantity is 

 reached. This was also found to be the case with 

 the Danysz effect for tetanolysin, except that the 

 effect was not limited to the interval between 

 equivalent and double equivalent quantities of the 

 antitoxin. The perfect concordance between the 

 observed and calculated values of the end effect is 

 shown by the following observations : 



