Contents xi 



9: Oil Spill Effects 388 



R. J. Barsdate, M. C. Miller. V. Alexander, J. R. 

 Vestal, and J. E. Hobbie 



Introduction, 388 Physical and Chemical 

 Measurements, 391 Biological Measurements, 395 

 Summary, 405 



10: Modeling 407 



J. L. Tiwari. R. J. Daley, J. E. Hobbie. M. C. 

 Miller, D. W. Stanley, and J. P. Reed 



Modeling in the Aquatic Program of the Tundra 

 Biome, 407 Whole Systems Models, 409 Benthic 

 Carbon Flow Model, 430 Planktonic Carbon 

 Flow Model, 434 Results and Discussion, 447 

 Summary, 456 



References 457 



Taxonomic Index 493 



Subject Index 499 



