References 459 



model ecosystems: significance for decomposer food chains and the 



effect of bacterial grazers. Oikos, 25: 239-251. 

 Bell, R.K. and F.J. Ward (1968) Use of liquid scintillation counting for 



measuring self-absorption of carbon-14 in Daphnia pulex. Journal 



of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 25: 2505-2508. 

 Bennett, M.E. and J.E. Hobbie (1972) The uptake of glucose by 



Chlaniydomonas sp. Journal of Phycology, 8: 392-398. 

 Bergstein, P. and J.R. Vestal (1978) Crude oil biodegradation in arctic 



tundra ponds. Arctic, 31: 158-169. 

 Berman, T. and U. Pollingher (1974) Annual and seasonal variations of 



phytoplankton, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in Lake Kinneret. 



Limnology and Oceanography, 19: 31-54. 

 Bernard, J.M. (1974) Seasonal changes in the standing crop and primary 



production in a sedge wetland and in adjacent dry old-field in cen- 

 tral Minnesota. Ecology, 55: 350-359. 

 Bick, H. (1958) Okologische Untersuchungen an Ciliaten fallaubreicher 



Kleingewasser. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 54: 506-542. 

 Billings, W.D., K.M. Peterson and G.R. Shaver (1978) Growth, turn- 

 over, and respiration rates of roots and tillers in tundra graminoids. 



In Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra 



(L.L. Tieszen, Ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Inc., pp. 415-434. 

 Birge, E.A. and C. Juday (1934) Particulate and dissolved organic mat- 

 ter in inland lakes. Ecological Monographs, 4: 440-474. 

 Black, A. P. and R.F. Christman (1963) Chemical characteristics of 



fulvic acids. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 55: 



807-912. 

 Black, R.F. (1964) Gubik formation of Quaternary age in northern 



Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 302-C, pp. 



59-91. 

 Black, R.F. and W.L. Barksdale (1949) Oriented lakes of northern 



Alaska. Journal of Geology, SI: 105-118. 

 Bowden, W.B. (1977) Comparison of two direct-count techniques for 



enumerating aquatic bacteria. Applied and Environmental 



Microbiology, 33: 1229-1232. 

 Boyd, W.L. (1959) Limnology of selected arctic lakes in relation to water 



supply problems. Ecology, 40: 49-54. 

 Boyd, W.L. and J.W. Boyd (1963) A bacteriological study of an arctic 



coastal lake. Ecology, 44: 705-710. 

 Brewer, M.C. (1958) The thermal regime of an arctic lake. Transactions 



of the American Geophysical Union, 39: 278-284. 

 Britton, M.E. (1957) Vegetation of the arctic tundra. In Arctic Biology: 



Proceedings of the Annual Biology Colloquium (H.P. Hansen, 



Ed.). 2nd edition. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, pp. 



67-113. 



