Subject Index 501 



Brooks Range, 25 

 Bryophytes, 38 

 Budget, nitrogen, 106 



Caddisny, 301 

 Calcium, 80 



immobilization, 41 



in Carex, 362 



in plants, 233 



interstitial water, 84 



immobilization, 41 

 Carbon, total inorganic, 88 



interstitial water, 96 

 Carbon dioxide 



comparison of losses, 367 



concentration, 91 



evasion rate, 95-96 



factors affecting, 94 



flux, 8 



gradients, 93 



in sediment respiration, 366 



partial pressure, 90 



release from soil 41, 97 



respiration effects, 93-94 



shallow lake, 93 



total loss, 352 



transfer rate, 93 

 Carbon flux 



general description, 5 



protozoa, 378 

 Carbon-14 dates, 



Barrow soils, 26 



lakes, 52 

 Carbon-nitrogen ratio 



algae, 108 



aquatic plants, 108 

 Carbohydrates in plants, 233, 



235 

 Carex aquatilis, 4, 5, 9, 13, 15, 

 37,41, 99, 102, 108, 134, 

 154, 161, 224, 301, 355, 

 357, 383, 401 



decomposition, 5, 41, 134, 

 355, 357, 362 



effect of arctic, 15, 242 



effect on redox potential, 99 



leaching, 359 



leaf color defined, 357 



leaves, 224 



life history, 224 



loss of P, 383 



nutrient content, 231, 362 



P uptake, 15 



primary production, 230 



releases DOC, 161 



releases P, 134 



resistance to decomposition, 



355 

 source of DOC, 154 

 temperature adaptation, 15 

 uptake of N, 13, 108 

 Carnivores, tundra, 40 

 Cell turnover, planktonic algae, 



6 

 Char Lake (IBP) study, 22 

 Chemistry 

 affected by oil, 392 

 arctic lakes, 22 

 effect of freezing, 80 

 effect of ocean, 84 

 pond water, 24, 79 

 Chironomidae, 15, 248, 299, 301 

 305, 405 

 Chironomus pilicornis, 



300-302, 305-306, 310, 

 320 

 C. riparius, 301, 306 

 Chironomids. See also Midges 

 burrows affect oxygen, 372 

 consume microbenthos. 382 

 effect on sediment respiration, 



371 

 food for birds, 40 

 generation time, 15 

 grazing, 219, 352 

 in benthic model, 432 

 mix sediment, 221, 297 

 oil pond, 403, 405 



