Subject Index 507 



mating behavior, 311 

 mortality, 316, 321 

 overwintering, 31 1 

 parasitism, 307 

 predators, 315 

 production, 318-322 

 production variations, 321 

 recruitment, 321 

 respiration, 311, 313 

 selection, 311 

 species, 15, 307 

 synchronous emergence, 307 

 temperature acclimation, 312 

 temperature and growth, 313 

 trophic structure, 315 

 vertical distribution, 315 



Mites, 41, 301 



Model 

 abiotic input variables, 414 

 as management tool, 410 

 benthic, 413 

 benthic algae photosythesis, 



15 

 block diagram, 414 

 change in algae biomass, 414 

 comparison of deterministic 



and stochastic, 453 

 deterministic, 16, 409 

 deterministic framework, 447 

 general formulation, 412 

 Monte Carlo simulation, 452 

 notational convention, 412 

 planktonic, 413 

 planktonic carbon flow, 434 

 positive aspects, 453, 455 

 processes, 413 

 requirements, 408 

 restrictions, 454 

 simulation, 449 

 state variables, 413 

 stochastic, 17 

 stochastic framework, 451 

 test of hypotheses, 17 

 tuning and calibration, 451 



value to project, 410 



variability effects, 17 

 Modeling 



advantages, 15, 16 



and scientists, 409 



assumption, 15 



conclusions, 15, 17 



general description, 410 



steps, 407 

 Modeling process, steps, 412 

 Molting in Daphnia, rhythm, 



273 

 Monovoltine, 252 

 Monte Carlo simulation, 452 

 Mosquitos, 299 

 Moss, dominates ponds, 158 



Nannoplankton. See also 

 Phytoplankton 



dominates algae, 22 



numbers, 182 



relation to net plankton, 180 

 Naval Arctic Research 



Laboratory, 19, 25 

 Nematodes, 373-375, 378, 381 

 Nemoura, 300-302, 403 

 Nitrate 



interstitial water, 104 



sediments, 102 



uptake, 107 



water, 100 

 Nitrification, 110 

 Nitrite, 102 

 Nitrogen 



algal uptake, 211 



annual budget, 13, 106 



budget for tundra, 46 



Carex, 362 



exchangable, 109 



fertilization, 110, 111 



forms, 13 



input, 13, 106 



interstitial water, 13 



limits plants, 241 



