Subject Index 513 



Snowcover, duration, 32 

 Snowfall, Barrow, 62 

 Sodium 



interstitial water, 84 



water, 80 

 Soils 



Barrow area, 37 



chemistry, 37 



moisture content, 37 



P concentrations, 141 



temperature, 37 

 Solar radiation, 32-33, 54 

 Sorption, controls P 



concentration, 141 

 Spartina alterniflora, 109, 135 

 Sponges, 14 



Springs, northern Alaska, 23, 25 

 Springtails (Collembola), 41 

 Stability 



in stochastic model, 456 



of system, 411 

 State variable 



defined, 410 



of model, 413 

 Stochastic model, 17 



results, 451 

 Streams 



Barrow area, 25 



northern Alaska, 23-25 

 Sulfate, 84 



SUNDAY, simulation, 278 

 Synchrony, midge emergence, 

 307 



Tadpole shrimp 

 abundance, 323, 325 

 as predators, 332 

 bioturbation, 333 

 egg production, 323, 334 

 factors affecting density, 



334-335 

 food for nauplii, 330 

 growth efficiency, 330 

 length and temperature, 326 



life history, 323 



mix sediment, 221, 333 



mortality, 334 



production, 328 



reproductive strategy, 334 



respiration, 328 

 Tanytarsini, 298, 301, 315, 405 

 Tany tarsus inaequalis, 300-302, 



305, 308, 311 

 Tanytarsus gregarius, 300-301, 



305-307, 311 

 Tardigrades, 378 

 Temperature 



air, 32, 53, 56 



and algae, 223 



effect on algae, 201-202, 223 



effect on Daphnia, 277 



effect on photoinhibition, 

 210 



Ikroavik Lake, 57 



in model, 414 



lakes and ponds, 22, 56 



midge growth, 314 



oil pond, 391 



P uptake, 240 



ponds and lakes, 57, 391 



seasonal pattern, 56 



sediment, 57 



soils, 37 



water and air, 54, 56 

 Temkin isotherm, 142 

 Thaw 



depth in soil, 26 



factors affecting, 60 



sediments, 61 

 Thaw-lakes, 61 



Thaw-lake cycle, 28, 37, 43, 52 

 Trace metals 



sediment, 87 



water, 86 

 Trajectory, of vectors, 411, 413 

 Trichoptera, 14, 229 



oil pond, 403 

 Tricho tany pus, 300-302, 305, 



