g GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



12. Genera are groups of species having the same essential 

 Organs of fructification or reproduction, and affording the same 

 collective characters in their structure and form. 



13. Okdebs and Classes are successive groups of Genera af- 

 fording some similar general characters. Families, Sections, 

 Subclasses are Divisions of these groups based upon some pecu- 

 liar considerations, 



14. A Method studies, seeks and preserves all the natural 

 affinities of plants, grouping together, those which have the 



greatest resemblance* 



15. Ststems follow a peculiar theory, or are based upon a sin* 

 gle consideration, without attending to natural affinities. 



16. Descriptive Botakt gives accurate descriptions of all the 

 species and their varieties. Genera and Groups of Genera, 



17' These Descriptions consist of two modes or parts 1. 

 Complete Descriptions, 2. Definitions or abridged Descrip- 

 tions, being the analytical epitome of the principal descriptive 

 characters. 



18, Botanical histort includes many details and considera- 

 tions comprising the Etymology of names, mode of growth, time 

 of flowering and seeding, cultivation, collection, discovering, 

 introducing, authors who have described plants, their biography, 

 bibliography or knowledge of Botanical Books, criticism, 8cc. 



19- The Locality of plants is a branch of Botanical history, 

 which has lately been separated and called Botanical Geogba- 

 PHT 5 it teaches the soils, climates and places where plants grow 

 spontaneously, and also their migrations, naturalization, &c- 



20. BoTANicAi..riiizosoPHr considers plants under all their 

 points of view, which are many ; forming the following branches : 



1. OroakoloctT, studying their organization, 



2. Phtsioiogx — their vital functions. 

 . A> ^Toxr — their internal structure* 



4. CHE^tisTKY— their component elements, 



5. Pathologt— their diseases. 



6. CuLTivATioji— their culture. 



7- Utilitt— iheir useful or noxious properties. 



21. The ORGANS are external or internal ; the internal be- 

 long to botanical anatomy : the external or the most conspicuous 



