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GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 5 



50» Agriculture and Horticulture are two arts, having for spe- 

 cial object the cultivation of useful or ornamental planfs. 



51. These arts are closely connected with Botany, from which 

 they borrow their niaterials. The general cultivation of medical 

 plants in medical gardens is highly desirable. 



52. Useful plants have three kinds of properties, 1, Alimen- 

 tary, 2. Economical, 3. Medical. The noxious and poisonous 

 properties are included with the medical. 



53» We are dependent upon vegetables for our food and drink* 

 our solid and liquid aliments; they furnish us materials for our 

 dress, dyes, fuel, buildings, arts and manufactures. 



54. Every plant has two names Stnd two characters, both Ge- 

 neric and Specific. 



55. The Generic name is the first and is a substantive, the 

 Specific follows and is an adjective appellation. 



56. The Generic character is the collective definition ©f the 

 principal organic indications of each Genus, which constitute 

 the TYPE of the Genus. 



57. The Specific character is an abridged description of all the 



TYPE 



species 



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58. Orders and Families, Classes and Sections have also sub- 

 stantive names, and peculiar characters assigned to each. 



59. Three great natural classes constitute the vegetable King- 

 don, l.DlCOTTLES, 2. MozroCOTTtXS, 3, AcOTTtES. 



60. The DICOTYLES are Ysscvlar plants, with concentric 

 fibres and vessels, and a bilobe or multilobe germination. They 

 comprise two thirds of all the plants, shrubs and trees. 



61. The MONOGOTYLES are Vasctcak plants with fascicu- 

 lar fibres and vessels, and a lateral unilobe germination. Such 

 are the Palms, Lilies, Grasses, Perns, and Mosses. 



62. The ACOTYLES are Cei.itji.ab plants without vessels no» 

 fibres, and destitute of lobes in the germination. Such are the 

 Lichens, Algae and Fungi. 



63. These natural classes may be divided in other less natural 

 classes, and these into natural orders and families, by the botani- 

 cal process of analysis. 



64. The natural orders of Linnaeus were fifty-eight, Jussienhas 



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