No. 35. DIRCA. 161 



dence of its utility. When the bark is chewed it 

 produces salivation^ it is so tough that it cannot be 

 reduced to powder, but forms only a kind of lint. 

 The watery preparations are nearly inert. 



Substitutes — All the milder emetics and acrid 



i 



substances, Cantharides — Baptisia tinctoria — Coni- 



urn maculatum — ^-Polygala senega Jjpocynum 



androsemifolmni — Eupatoriiim perfoUatum — Ra- 

 nunculus sp, — Euphorbia coroUata and E. Tpeca^ 

 cnana — R/nis Sp. — Clematis Sp. &c. 



Remarks — Our native epispastics are little knawn 

 as yet, and deserve attention. The Juglans Cinerea 

 -and the Oil of Sassafras are with the JDirca most 

 likely to become practically useful. 



We have also in the United States, several species 

 of Cantharides, such as Cantharis Viitata^ C. mar- 

 ginatay C. atrata^ C. cinerea^ &c. which are equal 

 to the officinal Spanish flies, and would be available 

 if not so scarce. 



B O 



