£63 



beinsr two thirds in welj^ht .of the whole. This hark is soluble in 

 water and alcohol; as a tonic the dose is fifteen to twenty grains, 

 as an emetic thirty to forty, it acts like Ipecac without inducing 

 vertigo. It Is also employed as a cathartic, to purge the bile, and 

 cure costivencss. ZollickotVer has used it in acute rheuniafismj 

 pneumonia, and phrenitis, after cathartics, as an efficient diapho- 

 retic, in doses often grains. Some Empirics use it in hemoptysis 

 without adequate care. 



8. Arai-ia Nudicaulis— All t^ie species of Jralia bear also 

 in New England the names of Life-of-man, Pettymorel, Pigeon 

 weed, &c. and the A. spinosa Shot bush. They act sometimes as 

 a tonic in a reUixed state of the stomach, debility ond loss of ap- 

 petite; a decoction is used for a kind of eresypclas called Shingles. 

 The roots arc also nutrient, carminative and vulnerary: the In- 

 dians cat them in their war expeditions: a kind of beer can be 

 niadc-A\ith them. The berries give a fme flavor to beer^ and a 

 wine similar to Elder wine can he made with them. The fresh 

 roots and leaves chewed and applied to wounds, heal them 

 speedilji; Dr. Sp. informed me that he was once cured by them 

 alone of a desperate accidental wound by a broad ax. Zollick- 

 offer has erroneously blended the A. spinosa with Xanthoxylunu 



9. AaEUTUs UvA-URsi— Other vulgar names, Wortlebcrry, 

 Foxberry, Checkerberry, &c. This plant often die>i the urine 

 black; the berries are sometimes eaten in milk like those of the 

 Vaccht.'U7n gennsi, they are aromatic and diuretic. 



10. AitisTOLOCHiA SERPK:vrARiA — Hiis" becii used also in 

 all bilious disorders and fevers with advantage: it -^ anti-emetic 

 in cold infusion. In dyspepsia it is only useful when the disease 

 is not inflammatory. In the Wcdt Indies the .4". odorata is cm- 

 ployed as a substitute, Jind in the East Indies the JI. iiidica, which 

 are"^more bitter and also cathartic'. The Cor-uouiais stated to 

 have been sold frauduiously for Snake root: much of this article 

 k ' 'n stores is worthless, being old or badiy dried. 



11. Arum TRiPHVLi^trM— The root is not inert when dry, and 

 even the powder is used by Empirics with honey for coughs, &c. 

 Dr. Mease recommends it for asthma, croup and whooping cough, 

 grateu m milk; it is said to promote the Bow of mucus. It has 

 been used in mania: it is said to kill snakes. The Imlians nse it 

 for coughs with Spikenard or Jraiia, and for fevers with Snake- 



