No. 99 & 100. YITIS 



143 



were known very early, and many Wines made at very 

 earlv periods- "^ 



Vines live from 100 to 500 years, when allowed full 

 scope, their roots and s1;ems become very large, some- 

 times several feet in circumference. The bark is used 

 for straps^ itypes, baskets, mats, &:c. The wood of the 

 root and &tem is very hard, and has a fine grain ^ it re- 

 sembles AValnut and Cypi^ess, is employed'^to make ta- 

 bles, doors, implements, &c. which are very durable ; 

 it is too valuable for burning when large. The branches 

 and twigs are chiefly used for burning, and fagots made 

 with them after trimmins: the Vines ; much used in vine 

 countries for ovens, to light fires and cook, &c. In the 

 spring, the vernal sap ot the Vines is similar to water, 

 and very cooling. 



.IV - » 



tetves-are^TiSedlor manrpxirposes, to carry fruitSy 



butter, and saleable^ to marliet, to cover, clean, scour, 

 &c. Cattle are fond of them : they are given to cows, 

 ffoats, arid hogs. They form one of the best manures for 

 the Vines themselves. A kind of Wine may be made 

 of them w^ith sugar. 



The blossoms of the fragrant kinds arc used as per- 

 fume, and to give this perfume to Wine, being put in 

 when fermenting;. 



From the Grapes are made, 1, Verjuice, 2. Must 

 3. Syrup. 4. Grape butter. 5, Sugar. 6. Wines, 7. Boiled 

 Wines. 8. Nectar. 9- Piquette, 10. Lees. 11. Vinegar 

 12- Brandy. IS, AlcohoJ. 14- Varnish- 15, Preserves^ 

 16. Pies and Tarts- IT. Raisins. 18, Tartar or Aro-ol' 



19. Cordials, 20, Perfumes, Cs:c. and ther are one of the 



most palatable and healthy fruit of the'^table, of which 

 there is a succession from the end of June to November: 

 thev mav even be preserved fresh the whole winter in 

 saw dust, and are thus exported. 



Tfie seeds of Grapes are'-eaten by fowls^ pidg;eonsand 

 birds ; they are astringent aiid oily. A fine fixed oil is 

 made from them bv pressure in Parma, Lombardy,, and 



other parts of Italv, j^imihir to Olive oil* and used for 



buroi'^g and fryin:r. Thehu^ks nnd peduncles are a va- 

 luable manure. V\ hen b^mt, they make the best Pot- 

 ash used for soft soap. Ar^nl or Tartar is extracted from 

 the lees or settlings of Wine, and is intrusted !to iht 



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