JUGLANS. 555 



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pentine smell, used as pellent and diuretic in decoction for 

 -dropsj, cachexjjgout, &c. The seeds are bitterish and 

 stronger. 



IVA FRUTESCENS, L- Bastard Jesuit bark. Sea 

 shores, bark smelling like Elder flowers, tonic, eq. of 

 Sambticus. Leaves fragrant, raaj be pickled. 



JACOBEA, Tt. All the radiated ^enecios of L. /. 

 aurea, {JRagwort, Liferoot^ Anumguah of Indians) is an 

 active plant, aromatic and pungent, roots and radical 

 leaves chiefly used ; diurttic, deobstruent, vulnerary, 

 repellent, pectoral, febrifuge and menagogue. Useful in 

 gravel, sugilation, pains in the breast, chronic coughs, 

 debility, amenorhea, &c. in tea or powders. The In- 

 dians call it the .female flower, using the blossoms for 

 menstrual suppressions attended with debility* Said to 

 relieve melancholy and cause cheerfulness, to relieve 

 epilepsy, cure the gravel, and to dissolve coagulated 

 blood. It acts as a gentle but efficient stimulant. The 

 activity resides in a grateful essential oil. J. obovata and 

 J. baisamita are nearly equivalents : the first is the old 

 Roberts root of Schoepf, it is an acrid bitterish tonic, 

 said to kill sheep and horses, used for diseases of the 

 skins, ulcers and the yaws, drank and the powder ap- 

 plied. •/. lobnta or Butterweed is also active- 



JANIPHA, Kunth. Jatropha^ L. The J. stimulosa 

 (my Bivonea^ 1814) Sandneitle. Sea shore, from Vir 

 nia to Florida, burns the hands like nettles, juice milEy 

 acrid* seeds purgative. J. manihot cult, in Louisiana, is 

 the Maniho or Manica of S. America : roots poisonous, 

 yet producing the edible flour called Cazabi or CassavCy 

 made into cakes, bread, tapioca, gruef, &c. 



JUGLANS, L. We have 3 sp- !./• nigra. Black 

 ^Valnut 2. J, fraxinea^ Ash Walnut. 3. J, einerea^ 

 Butternut or White Walnut. All valuable trees, pro- 

 ducing fine timber, sugar, nuts, oil, medicines, &c. J. 

 nigra has the finest wood, hard and brown, bark and 

 rind of the nuts dye w^oof brown boiled alone, and black 

 >vith vitriol. Leaves scented, said to shelter from the 



thunder. Vernal sap sweet, may give sugar. Young 

 green nuts pickled in vinegar, styptic, unwholesome. 

 The green rind rubbed on tetters and ringworms dispell 

 them : their decoction vermifuge and sudorific, also an- 



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