Angewandte Botanik. 655 



classes are mucli more commonly found among the Pollination Va- 

 riants than among the Pollination Constants. 



The different varieties so far studied may be grouped on the 

 flovvering habit as follows: 



I. Pistillate Constants. Tanenashi, Hachiya, Costata, Tsuru, 

 Tamopa, Hyakume, Yemon, Yeddoichi, Phelps, Triumph, 

 Zengi. 

 II. Staminate Constants. Gailey, and probable Masugata, Siang. 

 III. Staminate Sporadics. Okame, Taber n^. 23, Taber n". 129. 

 It may be possible to select strains of Staminate Sporadics that 

 will be so constant in their behavior as to entitle them to a place 

 among the Staminate Constants. M. J. Sirks (Haarlem). 



Pammep, G., Die VeredlungszUchtung der Landsorte 

 des Roggens im V. O.W.W, an Getreidezuchtstellen der 

 Gutspachtung Pottenbrunn und der Stiftsökonomie 

 Melk. (Publikat. N*' 431 der k. k. Samenkontrollstation in Wien. 

 1914.) 



Für die genannten Zuchtstellen entwirft Verf. die Stammbäume 

 der gezüchteten Landsorten des Roggens; es wurde ein Mehrertrag 

 von 7,5 qm pro ha (in Pottenbrunn) bezw. 5,7 qm pro ha (in 

 Melk) konstatiert. Die unveredelte Sorten lieferten da früher 9,5, 

 bezw. 8,6 qm pro ha. In esterreich ist es ja nicht möglich, 

 ausländische Getreidezuchtsorten zu verwenden. Für Aussaat der 

 gezüchteten Landsorten ist vorgesorgt. Matouschek (Wien). 



Richardson, A. E. V., Wheat breeding. (Journ. of Heredity. 

 VI. p. 123—141. 1914.) 



The writer gives the follovving summary of his exposure of 

 methods of procedure, accomplished and future improvement etc. 

 of wheat: 



1. The enriching and improving of the soil has been the domi- 

 nant note in our System of wheat farming during the past generation. 



2. There is reason to believe that as much attention might pro- 

 fitably be given to the improvement of the plant as there has hitherto 

 been given to the improvement in its environment. 



3. The primary aim of wheat improvement is the production of 

 prolific varieties. Other important considerations are milling quality 

 of grain, drought resistance, and rust resistance. 



4. Extraordinary activity is being displayed throughout the world 

 in wheat improvement. 



5. Varieties may be improved by selection and crossbreeding. 

 6 Every care should be taken by farmers to get (a) the right 



variety of wheat, (b) well-developed seed, (c) seed from the most 

 vigorous plants. 



7. The common beet containing 6 to 7 per cent. of sugar has 

 been developed into the sugar beet containing 20 to 25 per cent. 

 of sugar by systematic selection. 



8. Selection is based on Variation. 



9. Most variations are sraall, and diverge only slightly from 

 the mean of the species. Others are large, and vary widely from 

 the mean (mutations). 



