334 Pflanzenkrankheiten. 



Among injuries due to inorganic causes, the most important is a 

 tendency to windthrow under certain conditions, while damage 

 from ice and snow sometimes occurs. On the other hand, to offset 

 the loss from such causes, the tree shows a remarkable adaptability 

 for growing in a great variety of sites and soils, especially those 

 of a sterile character, where it has to undergo little or no contest 

 with other species for the possession of the soil. In addition to this 

 advantageous trait, it exhibits during its earlier years an unusually 

 vigorous growth, developing a great number of healthy leaders, 

 and in man}'^ cases producing two heigth growths in a year. It is 

 believed that the advantages accruing from the last-mentioned 

 characteristics far outweigh the damage which the species receives 

 from fungi, insects and other causes. M. J. Sirks (Haarlem). 



Gpaves, A. H., Notes on diseases of trees in the southern 

 Appalachians. III. (Phytopathology. IV. p. 63—72. 1914.) 



The present paper deals with some observations on diseases 

 of spruce {Picea Abtes (L.) Karst, and P. rubens Sarg.) and of 

 hemlock {Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. and T. caroliniana Engelm.), 

 and concludes the notes on coniferous species. 



From the diseases of spruce are recorded : Blight of seedlings, 

 in which three fungi were found, which possibly caused the disease: 

 Ascochyta piniperda Lindau (has not been reported before in America), 

 Sclerotinia Fuckeliana De Bary and Photna sp., while a species of 

 Macrosporium and one of Cladosporiuin were isolated, but are 

 believed to be purely saprophytic forms. 2. Twig blight, in which 

 the Symptoms also simulated those of frost injury, but many of the 

 shoots were entirely uninjured. No fungi were found which have 

 been definitely proven to be parasitic, but two species occurred 

 which deserve notice, viz. Pestalossia sp. (probably P.funerea Desm.) 

 and Phoma piceatia Karst.; 3. Heart rot, caused by Trametes pini 

 (Brot.) Fr. and 4 Some cases of doubtless frost injury as primary 

 cause of the trouble. 



About Hemlock and its diseases, the writer mentions: 1. Timber 

 rot, caused by Fomes pinicola Fr., a dangerous enemy, not only 

 because of its omnivorous habit, but chiefly on account of its ability 

 to attack living as well as dead trees, so that it can flourish as a 

 saprophyte in the trunk after the tree is killed ; 2. Leaf rust, the 

 disease of Pucciniastrum Myrtilli (Schum.) Arth., doing little damage 

 to the trees, and 3. Twig blight, caused by Rosellinia sp., of which 

 the most striking Symptom was a yellowing of the leaves, particu- 

 larly on lower branches of otherwise healthy trees. Secondly the 

 leaves fall of, or, as in many cases, they were fastened to each 

 other or to the brauch by a growth of greyish or yellowish-brown 

 mycelium which invested more or less of the brauch and the short 

 leaf petioles, sometimes including also a considerable portion of the 

 base of the leaf. M. J. Sirks (Haarlem). 



Harter, L. L., Fruit-rot leaf-spot, and stem-blight ofthe 

 eggplant caused by Phomopsis vexatis. (Journ. Agr, Res. II. 

 p. 331-338. pl. 26-30. 1 textfig. Aug. 15, 1914.) 



The name Phomopsis vexans {Phoma vexans Sacc. & Syd.) is 

 proposed for what is often called Phoma Solani Halst. Trelease. 



