418 Pflanzenkrankheiten. — Bacteriologie. 



Internodiums wieder und kommen in der Zahl und Ausbildung der 

 braunen Zellnester zum Ausdruck, die im umgekehrten Verhältnis 

 zum Stärkeniederschlag stehen. Wo durch reichliches Auftreten 

 von braunen Markzellen die Neigung zu Schmelzungsvorgängen 

 sich kundgibt, muss durch Kultureingriffe, d. h. Massnahmen, welche 

 die Holzreife fördern, dieser Neigung entgegengearbeitet werden. 



H. Detmann. 



Stevens, F. L., The fungi which cause plant disease. (New 

 York. The MacMillan Company. 1913.) 



An octavo of IX, 754 pages, with 449 textfigures. The principal 

 divisions of the text conform to those of fungi broadly defined; 

 Myxoniycetes, Schisomycetes and Eumycetes, the latter handled in 

 separate sections dealin g with Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidio- 

 mycetes and Fungi hnperfecti. Each class treatment ends with an 

 extensive special bibliography; and a list of books and periodicals, 

 a glossary, and a combined index of fifty-eight double-column pages 

 to hosts and fungi finish the volume. Trelease. 



Foster, M. L., A comparative study ofthe metabolism of 

 Pneiunococcus , Streptococcus, Bacillus Inctus erythvogeues, and 

 Bacillus anthracoides. (Journ. Am. Chem. Soc. XXXV. p. 916 — 919. 

 1913.) 



Two strains of Pneumococcus showed marked difference in the 

 intensity of their proteolytic power when grown on diluted serum. 

 An increase of temperature from 37° to 40° C. caused a remarkable 

 increase in proteolytic action, — the phosphotungstic acid fraction 

 being doubled, while the monoamino acid fraction was six times 

 greater. 



Streptococcus, Bacillus [actis erythrogenes, and B. anthracoides 

 grown on milk showed widely different ratios for monoamino and 

 diamino cleavage products. There seem to be two stages in the 

 degradation of protein by these organisms. In the first stage the 

 phosphotungstic acid fraction (peptones and diamino acids) predo- 

 minate; in the second stage there is a large increase in monoamino 

 acid nitrogen. G. L. Foster (St. Louis). 



Fred , E. B, A., A physiological study of the legume bac- 

 teria. (Va. Agr. Exp." Stat. Rep. p. 145—173. 1911— '12.) 



The author presents a tabular outline of the work of Prot. 

 Dünn, and then reports his own work on nitrogen fixation under 

 various conditions, also including the determination of the relation 

 of carbohydrate consumption to nitrogen flxation, a qualitative study 

 of the enzymes produced, and the changes in regulation caused by 

 the growth of the organism, Bacillus radicicola. 



Some of the chief results obtained are that this organism in 

 synthetic media possesses the power of fixing nitrogen per unit of 

 carbohydrate consumed at a rate at least as rapid as Asotobacter. 

 The gross capacity of the legume bacteria is, however, not so great. 

 Gum produced by these bacteria contains little nitrogen, but oxi- 

 dizing enzymes were demonsti-ated to be present. Maltose, sucrose, 

 and raannite are suitable sources of carbon for the abundant growth 



