CONTENTS 



Preface vii 



Acknowledgements xiii 



Contents xv 



List of Text Illustrations xviii 



List of Tables xx 



Chapter I 

 INTRODUCTION 1 



Chapter II 



STRUCTURE OF WATER: — Introduction — Structure — 

 Early Theories — The Hydrols — The Faraday Symposium — Later 

 Work on the Hydrol Theory — "Normal" and "Polar" Liquids — 

 Molecular Concentration — Modern Studies — X-Ray Analysis — 

 The Second Faraday Symposium — Current Research — Summary 

 OF Water Structure 3 



Chapter III 



PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS: — Introduction — The In- 

 terrelation OF THE Properties of Solutions — The Forces Between 

 Atoms and Molecules — Molecular Interaction and Water Bind- 

 ing — Hydration — Mobility of Ions — Summary 18 



Chapter IV 



OSMOSIS AND OSMOTIC PRESSURE: — Introduction — 

 Refinement of the Osmotic Pressure Law — Causes for Non-Ideal 

 Behavior of Solutions — Summary 32 



Chapter V 



THE MECHANISM OF OSMOSIS: — Introduction (Osmosis 



— Osmotic pressure — Diffusion — Diffusion pressure — Diffusion pres- 

 sure deficit — Turgor — Turgor pressure) — The Kinetic Basis of 

 Osmosis — Osmosis in Liquid Systems — The Mechanics of Osmosis 



— The "Solvent" and "Solute" Pressure Theories — Calculation 

 BY Indirect Methods — Evaluation of Diffusion Pressure — The 

 Diffusion Pressure of the Solvent — Summary 43 



6660;^' 



