Water in Plants 



xvii 



Contents 



Chapter X 



WATER LOSS AND WATER RETENTION: — Introduction 



— Laws of Evaporation — Evaporation from a Free Water Surface 



— Evaporation from Tubes — Factors Affecting Evaporation from 

 Free Water Surfaces of Uniform Shape and Area (Solutes — Tem- 

 perature — Dryness of the air — Atmospheric pressure — Wind velocity) 



— Transpiration — Methods of Measuring Transpiration — Ex- 

 pression OF Results — Cuticular Transpiration — Fluctuations in 

 the Rate of Transpiration — Internal Factors Affecting Trans- 

 piration — Wall Structure — Physical Resistance to Water Move- 

 ment — Osmotic Properties — Internal Surface — Stomatal Num- 

 ber AND Distribution — Methods of Measuring Stomatal Openings 



— Genetic Factors — Stomatal Regulation of Transpiration — 

 Effect of Mineral Nutrients on Transpiration — Influence of 

 Disease, Sprays, Dusts, and Waxes on Transpiration Rate — Phys- 

 iological Effects of Water Deficits — Subaqueous Transpiration 



— Conclusions — Summary 179 



Bibliography 209 



Author Index 228 



Subject Index 233 



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