Crafts et al. 



236 



Water in Plants 



Ice, dielectric constant of, 13 



entropy of, 13 



latent heat of fusion of, 5 



lattice structure of, 12 

 Ilex aquifolium, sap expression from, 120 



tensile strength of sap, 155 

 Imbibant, 29 

 Imbibition, 27, 28 



diffusion pressure and, 172, 173 



extravascular water movement and, 168 

 Imbibition pressure, 28, 125, 140, 145 

 Imbibitional forces, 62, 118, 132, 194 

 Impatiens, water continuity in, 161 

 Impatiens balsimina, OP of xylem sap, 100 

 Incipient plasmolysis, 81, 83 

 Indicators, and water movement, 168-170 



use in translocation studies, 175-176 

 Indoleacetic acid {see Auxin) 

 Infiltration method, for stomatal opening detn., 



197 

 Injection, deficiency diseases and, 159 



method of DPD detn., 104 



methods of, 159 



of dyes into stem, 156-159 



of radiophosphorus into leaves, 176 



saturation deficit and, 159 

 Insecticides, effect on transpiration, 199 

 Intercellular pressure (A), 107 

 Internal leaf surface, effect on transpiration, 194- 



195 

 Internal pressure, 4, 41, 46, 155 

 Intrabilitat, 78, 87 

 Invert sugar, 33 



Invertase, drought and activity of, 201 

 Ionic bonds, 22, 29 

 Ionic mobility, 6 

 Ions, colligative properties, 198 



electric fields of, 20-21, 29 



hydration of, 13 



mobility of, 30-31 



role in electroosmosis, 144 

 Iris, DPD of, 102 



gertnanica, freezing point of sap of, 120 

 Isobutyl alcohol, stomatal measurements with, 



197 

 Isotonic coefficient, 86 

 Isotonic sap, 123 

 Isotonic solutions, 33, 81, 97, 141 



Jamin's chains, 156, 160 

 Juniperus, tension in xylem of, 162 



Kidney, water relations of, 137 



Laminar air movement, 183 



Larix, rate of sap flow in, 171, 172 



Leaf, detn. of area, 187 



internal surface of, 192, 194-195 



wettability of, 187-188 

 Lettuce, water content of, 62 

 Lever method of DPD detn., 105 

 Lianas, rate of sap flow in, 169 

 Ligustrum vulgare, vacuolar contraction in, 89 

 Limiting plasmolysis, 81, 83, 97, 98, 99, 105, 



126, 193 

 Linaria cymbalaria, OP of sap of, 120 

 Lipoids, 69, 78 

 Lipoid-sieve theory, 79 

 Liquid-junction potential, 142 

 Liquid state, 21, 47, 48 

 Liquids, association of, 10, 15 



internal pressure of, 41 



properties and structure of, 14-16 

 Lithium, use in sap movement expts., 168-169 



Magnesium chloride, electroosmosis and, 144 



perchlorate, transpiration meas. with, 186 

 Majanthemum, permeability of, 83 

 Malate, electroosmotic flow and, 143 

 Malate effect, active water relations and, 123 



Mannitol, as plasmolyzing substance, 82 



auxin action and, 129 



use in root pressure expts., 104 

 Manometer, tension measurement with, 162 

 Mass flow theory, 174-175 

 Meiosis, water deficit and, 203 

 Membrane potential, 142 

 Membranes, copper ferrocyanide, 32 



permeability of, 43, 77-81 

 Mercury, physical properties of, 4 

 Meristematic cell, 60 

 Mesomorphic leaves, 195 

 Mesophyll resistance, 196 

 Mesophyll walls, hydrophobic nature, 193 

 Methyl glucoside, OP of solns. of, 38, 39 

 Micelles, in cell walls, 63-64, 192 

 Microcapillary forces, in cell walls, 192 

 Micrurgical methods, 69, 70, 78 

 Mimosa pudica, turgor response in, 140 

 Mineral deficiencies, injection and cure, 159 

 Moisture stress, soil moisture and, 152, 153 

 Molecular, concentration, 8-9 



interaction, 20, 24 



viscosity of air, 183 



volume, 21 



weight, large molecules, 42 

 Molecules, elec. properties of, 20-21 



forces between, 20 



migration of, 30 

 Mol fraction, 33 

 Moments, electric, 21 

 Monohydrol, 7 



Monosaccharides, effect of wilting on, 202 

 Morse's equation, 35 

 Movement of solutes, 174-177 

 Mucilages, 69 

 Mucilaginous colloids, 113 

 Myxomycete, freezing point of, 133 



Naphthaleneacetic acid, 129, 130 



Nerium oleander, internal leaf surface in, 195 



Net osmotic pressure, 50 



Net water loss, 181 



Neutral red, 69, 125 



Nitella, cell sap of, 70 



extensibility of wall of, 75 



OP of, 113 



osmotic properties of, 141 



solute accumulation in, 138 



turgor pressure of, 107 

 Nitella transluccns, OP of, 97, 127 

 Nitrogen, thermal properties of, 4 



translocation of, 175, 177 

 Non-ideal behavior of solutions, 41-42 

 Non-solvent space, 134 

 Non-solvent water {see Bound water) 

 Noctiluca miliaris, specific gravity of, 136 

 "Normal" and "Polar" liquids, 7-8 



O {see Osmotic pressure), 98 

 Oak, rate of sap flow in, 171 

 Oenothera, water deficit and meiosis in, 203 

 Og {see Osmotic pressure at limiting plasmoly- 

 sis) 



values, 84, 99 

 On {see Osmotic pressure at normal cell vol- 

 ume) 

 Onion, epidermis, 125 



water absorption by, 153 



water content of, 62 

 OP {see Osmotic pressure) 

 Opuntia phaeacantha, OP of sap, 119 



versicolor, OP of sap, 119 

 Organic acids, formation and water absorption, 



149 

 Osmoregulation, 101, 127, 136, 137 

 Osmometer, method for detg. OP, 97 

 Osmosis, anomalous, 141, 142, 143 



calculation of by indirect methods, 54-55 



defined, 43 



