326 FRANCIS RAMALEY 



Aceraceae, maple family 

 Acer glabrum; this shrub is occasional along draws. 



Cactaceae, cactus family 



Opuntia polyacantha; in coarse sand or gravel, not frequent. 

 Pediocactus simpsoni; in coarse sand, only a few specimens seen. 



Onagraceae, evening primrose family 



*Anogra albicaulis; typical sand dweller. 



A nogra coronopifolia; chiefly in coarse sand or sand and gravel. 



Polemoniacea, phlox family 



Gilia calcarea; in sand that is somewhat compacted or in disintegrated granite, 



never in loose sand. 

 Gilia spicata; a plant often found in primitive xerarch communities occurring 



here in coarse sand. 

 Polemonium^sp. 



» Boraginaceae, borage family 



Mertensia lanceolata; coarse sand or disintegrated granite. 



*Oreocarya virgata; a common plant of primitive xerarch growths, rather common 

 here in all soils. 



Verbenaceae, verbena family 



Verbena bracteosa; along roads and trails in almost any kind of soil, never 

 abundant. 



Scrophulariaceae, figwort family 



Pentstemon humilis; in compact sand or disintegrated granite. 



*Pentstemon unilateralis ; shows a strong tendency to be confined to pure sand. 



Caprifoliaceae, honeysuckle family 



Sambucus microbolrys; in moister parts, especially where there is some humus. 

 *Symphoricarpos vaccinoides ; commonest shrub of loose sand but also present to 

 some extent in disintegrated granite. 



Carduaceae, thistle family 



* Achillea lanulosa; scattered throughout except in pure sand. 



Antennaria arida; a common plant of primitive growths, present here in the 

 coarser soils. 



*Artemisia brittonii; a plant common in primitive communities in the lower foot- 

 hills, present here in all coarser soils. 



* Artemisia frigida; widely distributed in the Rocky Mountains in primitive com- 

 munities of the xerarch succession, present here in all soils except loose 

 sand but more common in disintegrated granite. 



