SUMMARY OF SUCCESSFUL AND PROPOSED STIPULATIONS 



The following is a listing of successful, modified, and proposed methods 

 and standards for managing oil and gas activities in coastal refuges. The 

 listing is organized according to ecosystem. Within the listing for each eco- 

 system, the methods and standards are organized according to activity phase: 

 preexploration, access to site, site preparation and operation, installation 

 and maintenance of lines, placement and operation of production facilities, 

 spills and cleanup, and site shutdown and restoration. This is the same organi- 

 zation that has been used throughout this report. 



The methods and standards in this summary are not all of those identified 

 during the course of the study. Instead, the methods and standards have been 

 culled to remove redundancies and to provide the best-worded stipulations, so 

 that quick reference to a particular set of stipulations can be made by refuge 

 managers. 



Preexploration activities are frequent, short term, and are carried out 

 by contractors without long-term experience at any one location. Consequently 

 the methods and standards identified for preexploration constitute a complete 

 package, from entry of surveyors to cleanup and restoration. Other phases, 

 however, are generally parts of long-term oil and gas operations. Since clean- 

 up and restoration actions are similiar for all other phases of operations, 

 they have been dealt with as separate phases. Thus, if a tank battery and pro- 

 duction site are being planned, stipulations for placement and operation of 

 production facilities, spills and cleanup, and site shutdown and restoration 

 should be consulted. 



The methods and standards presented here represent the known functions of 

 the particular ecosystems covered. Because of the need to generalize to cover 

 as many circumstances as possible, the list includes more stipulations than 

 might be needed to apply to every case. Consequently a land manager should 

 study the particular development at hand and choose the methods and standards 

 appropriate to the situation. 



There are many cases where a given stipulation is applied to more than 

 one ecosystem and/or more than one activity. Instead of using cross-referencing 



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