UNUTILIZED FISHES. 19 



dogfish has probably been applied because of this character, and is 



given to numerous other shark-like fishes having this same habit. 



Like the smooth dogfish, the young of the horned dogfish are carried 



by the parent, and when born are similar to the adults and ready to 



enter into vigorous activities. This species is represented in figure 2, 



plate i. 



DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE. 



The range of the horned dogfish is wide. During the summer and 

 fall months it is abundant along the Atlantic coast from Newfound- 

 land to Cape Cod, and during the winter occurs as far south as Cuba. 

 This same species is also found along the European shores, where 

 it is known by various names, such as " picked dog," " horned clog,'' 

 " spur dog," " skittle dog," and " hoe."- 



A comparison of successive years with reference to the periods of 

 abundance of this species along the coast shows that the horned 

 dogfish remain longer now than formerly and furthermore are making 

 their way into hitherto unfrequented regions. Captain Atwood 

 writes that when he first went fishing, in 1810 to 1820, they appeared 

 in the spring and were abundant for a day or two, after which they 

 disappeared. Not one would be seen all summer, but they would 

 return again about the middle of September and stay into November. 

 During the early sixties they were present all summer. Storer (1867) 

 says that they appeared in the spring and autumn and frequently 

 occurred in immense numbers in shallow water or near the shore, but 

 rarely remaining for more than three or four days. He speaks of 

 having seen a few thrown out from the nets at Provincetown as late 

 as June 27, 1847. He further says that they return again in Septem- 

 ber to remain until the middle of November. Goode (1881) speaks 

 of their appearing at Provincetown, Mass., a little while after the 

 mackerel and disappearing a short time before them. Smith (1898) 

 in his paper entitled " The Fishes Found in the Vicinity of Woods 

 Hole," says of dogfish : 



Less abundant than formerly and comparatively scarce in 1897. When the 

 fish factory was established at Woods Hole this was the principal fish utilized 

 in the manufacture of oil and guano; later the scarcity or irregularity of the 

 supply necessitated the use of menhaden. 



The Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1903 says: 



Dogfish appeared on the coast in and near Penobscot Bay in unwonted 

 numbers in 1902, and committed great havoc among the deep-water fishes. 

 They appeared earlier than usual, being found near Monhegan Island as early 

 as the middle of May and becoming quite plentiful all along the coast in 

 June, but August appears to have been, as usual, the month of greatest 

 abundance. 



Capt. B. R. Kelley, in his letter published at the end of this chapter, 

 writes that they appeared at Provincetown on July 14, 1904 (which 



