130 CARL SKOTTSBERG 



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be fairly well acquainted with subantarctic and antarctic floras 

 during my travels in those regions (Swedish South Polar Expedi- 

 tion, 1901-1903; Swedish Magellanic Expedition, 1907-1909), 

 and secondly, that during the first of these expeditions members 

 of our party discovered fossil faunas and floras in the now ice- 

 covered Graham Land. Not that this was anything like unex- 

 pected, but the fact that we now were able to get a glimpse of 

 the rich organic world that once inhabited lands now so barren 

 and desolate, and to discuss its affinities in the surrounding or 

 more remote countries, gave us, among other results, a sounder 

 basis for our speculations on the origin of subantarctic and 

 antarctic floras. Thus, I have tried to compile a new list of 

 bicentric types on the basis of existing ones. However, I have 

 found it better to confine myself to a comparison between Sub- 

 antarctic America and New Zealand (with the Auckland, Camp- 

 bell, and other islands), my knowledge of the Australian and Tas- 

 manian flora, the known part of which is increasing rapidly, being' 

 much too limited. Only such types are treated as occur in the 

 Dominion of New Zealand and in Subantarctic America (the 

 Magellanic territories and Western Patagonia — for reasons easy 

 to understand here comprising the whole of the forest region of 

 southern Chile — and also the Falkland Islands and South 

 Georgia). Cosmopolitan species or species of a wide range are 

 excluded, also types which quite as well may have reached New 

 Zealand and South America from the north. I have, however, 

 quoted a few striking examples of bicentric occurrence in Australia 

 or Tasmania and South America, even if the type in question 

 does not belong to the New Zealand flora. 



Only the flowering plants are included. It is well known that 

 cryptogams, by means of their minute spores, are likely to become 

 very widely distributed, and that cosmopolitan forms are com- 

 mon in the different groups. At the same time they might very 

 well be treated from the same point of view as the phaenogams. 

 Such works as Christ's Geographie der Fame (1912) or Cardot's 

 La Flore bryologique des terres magellaniques 2 clearly show that 



2 Cardot, J. in Wiss. Ergebn. d. Schwed. Siidpolarexped., iv, 2, 1908. 



