566 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISHERIES. 



water accidentally. In feeding- at the surface the fish swim about 

 with the anterior part of the head showing, the mouth partly above 

 water, partly below. The mouth is continuously opening and closing, 

 and a sharp sucking or smacking- sound is often produced, much as is 

 made by a pig with his head down in the trough. 



Much of the carp's food is obtained by foraging along the stems of 

 water plants, and it also often eats quantities of the plants themselves. 

 Many of these stems are covered with a considerable growth of a!ga3, 

 bryozoa, etc. , among which live a variety of minute, and even micro- 

 scopic, plant and animal forms. Such stems as float on the surface or 

 lie in a horizontal position in the water can be gone over very easih T , 

 and sometimes this appears to be done in a more or less systematic 

 manner, the fish beginning at one end and working gradual!}?" along to 

 the other. In order to get at the vertical stems the fish often turn on 

 their sides, when the mouth can be closely applied to the rounded 

 surface. Thejr were also often seen to take the end of a floating stem 

 or leaf, such as a cat-tail leaf, into the mouth and then pull and tug at 

 it vigorously. Even if the} T did not get off pieces of the stem in this 

 way, they undoubtedly pulled off the algpe and other substances 

 growing on its surface. In one case I noticed a fish swimming about 

 with a piece of partially decayed stem sticking from its mouth, but 

 whether it was finally swallowed I can not say, as the fish swam away 

 out of sight with the stem still protruding. 



Few records of the food of the carp in this country made" from 

 examination of the contents of the stomach and intestine seem to have 

 been previously reported. H. Garman (1888) reported on one speci- 

 men from Broad Lake, 111., soon after the species began to be found 

 in the waters of that state. According to him the food "consisted of 

 vegetation and mollusks, the former constituting two-thirds of the 

 material in the alimentary canal, and consisting of dead leaves and 

 seeds. The seeds were, as far as could be determined in a hasty exami- 

 nation, chiefl} T those of trees and weeds. Elm seeds, ragweed seeds, 

 and the seeds of Pvhj<j were noted. The mollusca were partially 



thin-shelled clams with an occasional Splicer/urn, and partby snails, 

 such as Physa and Lioplax. All the matter was apparently gathered 

 from the bottom. No trace of crustacean or insect food could be 

 detected." 



In August, 1900, Mr. M. C. Marsh collected carp stomachs near 

 Bellevue, on the Mississippi River, near Omaha, and from Maumee 

 Bay and River near Toledo, Ohio. Apparently no detailed study of 

 these collections bus been made, but Smith (1902), in his report on 

 food fishes, gives a few general data. He states (p. 120) that the food 

 was found to be largely microscopic, and contained in what was appar- 

 ently a mass of mud passed on into the intestine, where he thinks the 

 digestion probably takes place. Portions that were recognizable 



